Conflicts in the Middle East Since 1947

Middle East Conflicts Since 1947

History 12

Palestinian Liberation Organization

The Six Day War

a. El Fatah springs from Suez War (terrorist organization)

b. Goal: create homeland for Palestinians

c. 1964: PLO: Yassar Arafat

a. Egypt kicks out UN Forces: ready to attack Israel

b. Israel attacks, led by General Moshe Dayan

c. Israel:

i. destroyed Egyptian air force

ii. took Sinai Peninsula, Jerusalem, West Bank

iii. more secure

The Six Day War

a. Egypt kicks out UN Forces: ready to attack Israel

b. Israel attacks, led by General Moshe Dayan

c. Israel:

i. destroyed Egyptian air force

ii. took Sinai Peninsula, Jerusalem, West Bank

iii. more secure

The Suez War 1956

The Yom Kippur War 1973

Anwar Sadat replaces Nasser

b. Yom Kippur is religious holiday in Israel

c. Egypt, Syria and Iraq launch surprise attack

d. USA sends military aid to Israel

e. OPEC increases oil by 60-70% (Arab Oil Embargo)

a. Most important of ME wars (Cold War)

b. 1954 Egyptian Revolution: Gamal Nasser (wants to lead Arab world)

c. Aswan Dam: Egypt gets aid from Soviets when USA backs out (arms deal)

d. Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal: Israel (with Britain and France ) attack Egypt

e. USA forces end to invasion: Britain and France out of Middle East

f. Israel takes Gaza Strip (improved Israeli security)

The Suez War 1956

The Yom Kippur War 1973

a. Most important of ME wars (Cold War)

b. 1954 Egyptian Revolution: Gamal Nasser (wants to lead Arab world)

c. Aswan Dam: Egypt gets aid from Soviets when USA backs out (arms deal)

d. Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal: Israel (with Britain and France ) attack Egypt

e. USA forces end to invasion: Britain and France out of Middle East

f. Israel takes Gaza Strip (improved Israeli security)

History 12

Anwar Sadat replaces Nasser

b. Yom Kippur is religious holiday in Israel

c. Egypt, Syria and Iraq launch surprise attack

d. USA sends military aid to Israel

e. OPEC increases oil by 60-70% (Arab Oil Embargo)

Shofar- To call everyone to the synagogue.

Middle East Conflicts Since 1947

The Palestinian War 1948

Camp David 1978

a. Carter, Sadat, Begin meet to discuss peace

b. Camp David Accords: March 1979:

i. no more war between I and E

ii. Refugee Problem

iii. I could use Suez Canal

iv. Israel gets oil from Egypt

c. Led to:

i. Egypt kicked out of OPEc

ii. Resurgence of Islamic Fundamentalist groups

Israel proclaimed by the U.N. on May 14, 1948

b. On that day, attacked by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq: to support Palestinians

c. Won by Israel

d. Created huge refugee problem: one million Palestinians

e. Israel began attacking states harbouring terrorists

History 12

The War in Lebanon 1975-85

a. PLO operated out of L to attack I

b. Israel attacked PLO in L

c. Civil War: Christian Phalangists RW vs. Muslims LW

d. Israel supported the Phalangists

e. Dispersed PLO but were driven out especially in the south of Lebanon buy fanatical Shia Muslims (ordinary citizens)

- The origins of Hezbollah