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Earth's Layers Project
Transcript
Earth's Layers project
By Nicole Pham
The Crust
- The thinnest layer out of all 4
- 1600 degrees Fahrenheit
- Less than 1% of the earth mass
- Consist of dry land and sea floors
- Made of basalt and granite
The Earth's Layers
The Mantle
- Extends to the earths core
- Consist of the Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere
- 85% of the earths total mass
- 5432 degrees Fahrenheit
The Lithosphere
- Surface varies with smooth flat plains and wrinkled hills
- The layer between the crust and the mantle
- Shape of lithosphere comes from the heat of the inner earth
The Asthenosphere
- Below the lithosphere
- Consist of partly molten rock
- Seismic waves passing through go slower
- Heavy liquid flowing
- Soft from the sun heat
- Bends like plastic
The Outer Core
- The outer core is liquid
- Consist of super heated molten lava
- Lava is made up of Iron and Nickel
- Outer core made of alloy
- Outer core controls the magnetic field
The Inner Core
- Shaped like a ball
- Solid metal
- Extreme pressure squeezes the Iron and Nickel atoms together so they can't spread apart
- Inner core moves faster than the rest of the planet
Plate Tectonics
Convection Currents
- 7 major plates and 14 minor
- As the plates move they change earths surface
- These include earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain ranges, and deep sea trenches
- Tectonic plates float on molten rock and move around the planet
http://www.nature.nps.gov/geology/usgsnps/animate/pltecan.html
- Convection is heat transfer by the movement of currents with in a fluid
- Heat from the mantle and core causes convection currents in the mantle.
- The two places where convection currents occurs in the mantle and the core
- Convection occurs when the hotter rock in the lower mantle rises and the cooler rocks do to gravity
Continental and Oceanic Crust
- Continental crust consist of granite
- Continental crust is less dense than oceanic crust but is thicker
- When the two crash together the continental crust sinks and melts into new rock
- The Pacific plate is entirely oceanic but the North American plate is cap by continental crust in the West and oceanic crust in the East
- Continental crust consist of granite and oceanic consist of basalt
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