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Cool Jazz and Hard Bop
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Cool Jazz and Hard Bop
1949- 1955
1951 - 1958
A reaction to Bebop
Hard Bop
-where bebop was fast and energetic, cool jazz was slower
-less emotional, more subdued, softer and controlled
-made jazz popular again with mainstream America
-a reaction to cool
-basically bebop with more "control"
-dominated by young African Americans
-mainly in northern cities - NYC, Chicago, Detroit,
Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, etc.
-2 substyles : Hard Bop and Funky
Characteristics
Similarities between
hard bop and Funky
Hard Bop
Funky
-Tune source: Like bebop
-harmony and form: complicated and unusual
-melody: complex scales
-rhythm: sophisticated and subtle
-Tune source: Blues or gospel
-Harmony and form: simple (12 bar)
-rhythm: simple but strong
-"earthy" or "down-home"
- played by both black and white musicians
- size ranged from trios to nonets (9)
-used flutes, oboes, clarinets, french horns, vibes, tuba, guitar (more "classical" instrumentation)
- often artists did both
-successfully combined arrangement, composition and improv
-often two or three horns + Rhythm section
-used small independent record labels
modern jazz quartet
"Django"
Performance Practices
- written arrangements
-polyphony (2 or more melodic lines at one time)
-both arrangment AND improv
-not as much of a dynamic range
-simpler rhythms, easier to sing
miles davis "so what"