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There are 4 main categories of Fractures: complete, incomplete, simple and compound.
These fractures are referring to the way the bone actually breaks.
In a complete fracture, the bone ruptures into two or more parts whilst in an incomplete fracture, the bone cracks but does not entirely break.
These fractures are also known as closed fractures. This is a fracture that causes the bone to be broken but the bone's edges don't break any surrounding soft tissue causing any open wounds to the skin.
This fracture is also known as an open fracture. This fracture is much more severe as the bone breaks through the skin and may withdraw back into the wound and become concealed from the outside.
This fracture is found in bones that are still growing which are encountered in young children. It is where the bone bends, cracks or splits into an incomplete fracture like a tree branch.
There are various causes of dislocations. It can happen spontaneously or be from a result of unexpected trauma, in which can cause combined fractures. The risk of dislocated joints become higher due to weak ligaments that have been stretched by previous reoccurring dislocations.
More severe dislocations also can contribute to weakening of the ligaments as tearing of the muscles, ligaments or tendons that support the joint can occur.
The more susceptible body parts that are mostly affected by dislocation are the shoulders, elbows, fingers, hips, kneecaps and ankles.
Follow the TOTAPS procedure:
Talk: Ask the individual what happened and where is the pain occurring.
Observe: Look at the affected area for deformity, bruising or bleeding.
Touch: Gently feel the injury for deformity or inflammation.
Active movement: Ask if affected area can be moved.
Passive movement: Proceed with gentle and slow movement of the athlete's limb and stop at point of pain or halt in movement.
Skills test: Ask if basic skills of their current sport can be done. If not then seek further medical attention.
If TOTAPS reveals an injured area. Then the allocated individual performing first aid should proceed with the RICER procedure.
Rest: Control mobility and limit movement.
Ice: Place ice on the wound and surrounding tissue for half an hour for every two hours to decrease swelling and localized pain.
Compression: Apply ice firmly to area to reduce bleeding and provide support to injured area.
Elevation: Raise injured area above heard level to reduce pain, swelling and assists drainage of blood and other fluids.
Referral: Refer to a professional health care official in which who will provide definitive diagnosis and management.
TOTAPS rule applies again as previously explained to roughly assess the individual.
Then proceed for medical help.
Identify injury and where it is located
Reduce movement and pressure
Protect the joint through medical instruments like, slings and crutches so external force is reduced dramatically keeping the joing fairly unharmed.
Continue RICER procedure and keep joint firmly immobilized until professional medical attention is referred to and arrives.
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