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The Musical Eras and their Composers

Ludwig Van Beethoven

The Baroque Era

The Middle Ages

The Romantic Era

c. 1600-1750

  • Foundation for modern music
  • Music became main form of entertainment for all
  • Instrumental Music dominated
  • New Musical Genres
  • Opera
  • The biggest contribution of the era
  • Orchestra
  • New musical forms and styles
  • The concerto, motet, and cantata
  • Harpsichord was invented

The Man Who Changed Music

c. 1150-1400

  • Completely Choral Music
  • Modal Music in the Church
  • Gregorian Chant and Plainsong
  • At first was one line of chant
  • Organum - The extention of Gregorian Chant and Plainsong
  • Featured two or three lines moving a 4th or 5th above the melody homophonically, thus creating harmony
  • 12th century Troubadours
  • Traveling Musicians in France
  • Wrote most of the secular music
  • Not many recorded composers from this time
  • Many were priest and monks
  • c. 1830-1920
  • Featured new emotional depth to the music
  • Composers used new techniques:
  • Exoticsm
  • Composers borrow musical techniques and characteristics from foreign countries to create an exotic character.
  • Nationalism
  • Composers compose songs based on the music of their homeland.
  • Program music
  • Music that is intended to tell a story. A narrative is often included to pass out to the audience during the performance.
  • The symphony, opera, concerto, and other genres continue to grow and develop.
  • Ballets are popular in this time period

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)

Big Name Composers

Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300-1377)

Big Name Composers

George Frideric Handel (1685-1759), Johann Pachelbel (1653-1706),

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

Big Name Composers

Hector Berlioz (1803-1869), Frederic Chopin (1810-1849), Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847), Robert Schumann (1810-1856), Richard Wagner (1813-1883)

1750

1400

1920

1600

1830

1150

The Renaissance

The Classical Era

The Contemporary Era

c. 1400-1600

  • Freedom for sacred composers increasing (though still strict)
  • Harmony a regular occurance in sacred music
  • Polyphony: Several musical lines moving indepedently from eachother
  • Choral music is still dominant, but a few instrumental pieces appear
  • Keyboard music: fantasias, variation, dance movements
  • Main Genres
  • Masses, motets, anthems, madrigals and psalms
  • All unaccompanied, or a capella

c. 1750-1830

  • The symphony became largest genre of the era
  • The clarity of compositional form became the important aspect of music during this era.
  • The sonata allegro form - most popular of the time
  • Musical form with an exposition, development and recapitulation of a theme
  • The symphony, concerto, quartet, and sonata became much like they are today
  • Composers were beginning to become more expressive, especially after toward the end of the century

c. 1920 - Present Music

  • Composers began using unorthodox techniques to express themselves
  • 12 tone system
  • Impressionism
  • Found new ways to play traditional instruments
  • "Prepared Piano"
  • Some still kept with traditional tonal and rhythmic schemes

George Gershwin (1898-1937)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)

Big Name Composers

Girolamo Frescobaldi (1583-1643), Thomas Morley (1557-1602)

Big Name Composers

Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868), Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

Big Name Composers

Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) Richard Strauss (1864-1949) Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951)

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