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Students all understand different things differently, we should assume that there is a universal understanding to anything
An important instructional strategy is to ensure that alternative representations are provided not only for accessibility, but for clarity and comprehensibility across all learners.
Learning is impossible if information is imperceptible to the learner
Teach learners how to transform accessible information into useable knowledge
Provide the same information through different modalities
providing information in a format that will allow for adjustability by the user
Comprehension is an active action and is based upon information processing skills
textbooks and computers only provide limited interaction (turning the page and typing on the keyboard)
"Properly designed curricular materials provide a seamless interface with common assistive technologies through which individuals with movement impairments can navigate and express what they know"
Some students are better at writing stories, others are better at telling them, make sure all options are available
"It is important to provide alternative modalities for expression, both to the level the playing field among learners and to allow the learner to appropriately (or easily) express knowledge, ideas and concepts in the learning environment."
What is Universal Design of Learning
three main principles
Teachers meet their goal of teaching students how to learn by creating a curriculum that can help all children at a young age
Executive functions allow learners to take advantage of their environment
"The UDL framework typically involves efforts to expand executive capacity in two ways: 1) by scaffolding lower level skills so that they require less executive processing; and 2) by scaffolding higher level executive skills and strategies so that they are more effective and developed."
Goals, Methods, Materials, and Assessments
Should reduce barriers
SPED 310
Should meet the needs of ALL learners
Teach student what they need to succeed in the real world
Should optimize all levels of challenge and support
Help student want to continue learning outside of a school setting
Teach students how to strategically learn
"learners differ significantly in what attracts their attention and engages their interest"
"have alternative ways to recruit learner interest, ways that reflect the important inter- and intra-individual differences amongst learners."
it is also important to develop learners’ intrinsic abilities to regulate their own emotions and motivations.
"A successful approach requires providing sufficient alternatives to support learners with very different aptitudes and prior experience to effectively manage their own engagement and affect."
"Learners differ considerably in their ability to self-regulate" their attention span
"build the individual skills in self-regulation and self-determination that will equalize such learning opportunities"
Recognition
Strategic
Affective