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Bebop

History of Jazz

Music Characteristics:

Bebop was a rebellion by improvisors against swing music. This music was intended for listening. Bebop groups include a saxophone and trumpet supported by rhythm section. Rhythms in bop melodies were varied and unpredictable.

Composers/Performers:

Three important bebop musicians are Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Thelonious Monk.

Alison Sall

MUS 121

Recording

Brassbands

Musical Characteristics:

Brass bands developed in the 1850's. They were primarily creating by marching bands, both in the military and out of it. It provided a strong beat to be marched to.

Composers/Performers:

Three influential musicians are John Phillip Sousa, Arthur Pryor, and Morton Gould.

Swing

Recording

Early Jazz

Chicago

Music Characteristics:

Swing music was developed in the 1920's and was mostly played by big bands. These big bands need composed music as opposed to improvised. The main melody was formed by short repeated phrases called riffs. The saxophone became one of the most important intruments.

Performers/Composers:

Three famous and influential composers are Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, and Frank Sinatra.

Music Characteristics:

In the 1920's, New Orleans style evolved in Chicago. Solo playing came to be emphasized as opposed to improvisation. Also, the solos began to add new melodies based on harmonies.

Performers/Composers:

Three composers/ performers are Benny Goodman, Bud Freeman, and Gene Krupa

Recording

New Orleans

Blues

Music Characteristics:

Jazz in New Orleans styled is referred to as Dixieland. It is played by a small group of performers. Collective improvisation of the front line instruments is a distinctive feature of this Early Jazz. Often there were improvised solos that were either accompanied or unaccompanied (breaks).

Performers/Composers:

Three important composers/performers were King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, Louis Armstrong, and Jelly Roll Morton

Musical Characteristics:

Blues music was founded in the 1890's and became cemented in 1910. Blues became a national craze in the 1920s and became increasingly popular in Chicago. It is a form of vocal and instrumental music. Vocal blues deals with a lot of emotion and is incredibly intimate. The harmonic pattern of 12 bar blues is commonly used and involves 3 basic chords.

Performers/Composers:

Three famous performers/composers are Bessie Smith, W.C. Handy, and Muddy Waters.

Recording

Ragtime

Musical Characteristics:

Ragtime flourished in the 1890's. It is composed of piano music that was developed by African Americans. Ragtime music is typically duple meter and consists of several melodies. Ragtime music also has syncopations and a steady beat.

Performers:

Famous Ragtime performers are Scott Joplin, Joseph Lamb, and James Scott.

Recording

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