14 Evolving language

In which place is it considered rude to pat on someone's head?

Who discovered penicillin?

Which city will host the 2020 Summer Olympics?

• When did Mr. White discover the theft?
• Why is Geoff Warren the main suspect?
• Who is giving the announcement?
• When will the elections be held?
• What was Jill Davies's occupation?
• Why was she well-respected?
• Who should we help?
• How can we help them?

a. The Philippines

b. France

c. Vietnam

d. Sri Lanka

a. Howard Florey

b. Ernst Chain

c. Alexander Flemming

d. John Fulton

a. Beijing

b. Tokyo

c. Paris

d. Pyeongchang

Patting on someone's head is considered rude in Sri Lanka.

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Flemming.

The 2020 Summer Olympics will be hosted in Tokyo.

• How is communication changing between people?
• Is it easy for you to start up a conversation with someone you don't know?
• Do you think technology has improved the way we communicate?

Who was given credit for inventing the light bulb?

Who plays the voice of Dory in "Finding Nemo"?

a. Nikola Tesla

b. Thomas Alva Edison

c. Joseph Wilson Swan

d. Hiram Stevens Maxim

a. Kristen Wiig

b. Ellen Degeneres

c. Melissa MacCarthy

d. Tina Fey

Thomas Alva Edison was given credit for inventing the light bulb.

Dory's voice is played by Ellen Degeneres in "Finding Nemo".

Which country has never won the FIFA?

a. Uruguay

b. Spain

c. England

d. Sweden

Who created the cell phone?

a. Martin Cooper

b. Bill Gates

c. Steve Jobs

d. Henry Ford

The FIFA has never been won by Sweden.

The cell phone was created by Martin Cooper.

1. The police are grilling Harry down at the station. QUESTION

2. They've found the remains of an old Roman villa nearby. DISCOVER

3. You'll get a rise in salary after six months. RAISE

4. They stopped playing the match after half an hour. ABANDON

5. They stopped traffic from using the center. BAN

6. They took Chris to court for dangerous driving. PROSECUTE

7. You usually eat this kind of fish with a white sauce. SERVE

8. I don't know your name. INTRODUCE

• Why are tools and spoken language associated?
• What about spatial thinking?
• According to Krantz, what is the reason that tools became more sophisticated?
• What was Pettito and Marentette's research about?
• How would you explain the evolution of language using the word "cognition"?

1. As I drove south, I could see that the old road was rebuilding.

2. There is nothing more annoying than been interrupted when you are speaking.

3. Jim was been given the sack from his new job.

4. Somehow without my noticing my wallet had been disappeared.

5. A lot of meetings have been held, but nothing has being decided yet.

6. A lot of homes in the area have been being broken into by burglars.

7. I suppose the letter will have been delivered by now.

1. The court system acts as an _____ to the government.

2. The witness refused to cooperate, _____ the investigation.

3. She _____ her hat a little to the right.

4. The pieces of the puzzle are finally starting to _____.

5. The container should be kept _____ to prevent leaks.

6. Lack of funding has been a major _____ on the building's design.

7. The flowers were _____ by the weeds.

8. The _____ of Japanese women is the longest in the world.

9. Their fingers _____ naturally as if they had been together their entire lives

The evolutionary factors of language

writing began

Complete the word in each sentence with over- or under-.

primitive tools had been created

6,000 years ago

tools were more advanced

1.5 millions years BC

• (noun) something which controls or limits (1)
• logically accepted (1)
• (verb) lean in a diagonal position (2)
• (adj.) vertical (2)
• (adj.) joined (3)
• (verb) limit (5)
• (noun) something which exists as a smaller and less important part of something larger (5)
• (verb) not be able to breathe because the throat is blocked (5)
• (noun) the length of time someone lives (7)

language emerged according to Krantz

300,000 years ago

a) The .....lying causes of the problem are widely known.

b) What a terrible film. It's really .....rated in my views.

c) The first time I tried out my new bike I .....balanced and fell off.

d) Don't forget to give the door an .....coat as well as a coat of gloss paint.

e) The bath .....flowed and the water dripped through into the living room.

f) It is not as easy as all that. I think you are .....simplifying the problem.

g) I apologise for the delay in sending your order but we are .....staffed at present.

h) You can get to the other side of the road by going through this .....pass.

1. My teeth were yellow from coffee and cigarettes. I just...

2. I often stay at hotels on business. I prefer fresh sheets and towels, so I ask...

3. In order to become better at English, I often write a diary and give it to the teacher. She corrects it. I have...

4. When there's a big snowstorm, I usually call kids in the neighborhood to...

5. A maid comes twice a week to my house. Since I broke my leg last winter, it's difficult to do some of the chores around the house. I need...

6. I want to put together a website for my small business. Unfortunately, I don't know anything about web design. I must...

deaf children's examination

50,000 years ago

Pettito and Marentette (1991)

14 Evolving language