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Models Of Communication

The purpose of a “model” is to offer a visual representation of a concept with the intent of facilitating the understanding of it. Traditionally speaking, there are three standard models of the communication process: Linear, Interactive, and Transactional, and each offers a slightly different perspective on the communication process.

Frank Dance included the concept of time in his theory. Something happens over the other will always be based on the first event according to him. This theory of communication was a subject to a number of experimental researches. Even though this model of communication clarifies everything there is a problem of over simplification. According to this theory a communication process is the product of what we learned.

Transactional Communication Model

Interactive Communication Model

Linear Communication Model

The Transactional Model becomes more sophisticated yet. This model depicts face-to-face interaction, or “trans-action” as a dynamic and changeable process that is not limited to simple definition. In the Transactional Model, receiver and sender can play the same roles simultaneously, as sometimes happens, as messages can be sent back and forth simultaneously. It appears chaotic and ineffective, but sometimes communication is just that. Throw in some noise, and it would be a wonder whether any message is conveyed successfully in this environment.

There’s a bit of a debate about the Linear Communication model and how it recognizes (or doesn’t recognize) the concept of feedback. The linear model’s behavior is belied by its name, where a sender encodes a message via a channel and the message is decoded by the receiver. It is straight-line communication found typically in mass communication; think television, radio, newspapers, etc. According to this model, there is no means for immediate feedback.

Simply put, the Interactive Model takes the Linear Model and multiplies it times two with a quick flip of the return message. It now allows for a feedback element because after a message is encoded and sent to the decoding receiver, the roles then reverse and the receiver encodes and sends a response to the original sender who has now turned receiver. It sounds more confusing than it is. Envision an exchange of text messages whereby your friend sends you a message and you respond to it. The same thing happens during a telephone call, or even an email exchange. A message is sent and received, then the roles reverse. That is the Interactive Model

Osgood And Schramm Circular

Helical Model of Communication

Osgood & Schramm model of communication is a model of communication designed to better represent the reciprocal nature of interpersonal communication. The standard model depicted a linear model where a source sends a message through a medium to a receiver where its processed. However that does not complete interpersonal communication. The receiver must decode and interpret the senders message and then give feedback so the receiver also becomes a sender and vice versa. This model creates a communication flow that better represents how people communicate.

In 1967, Frank Dance proposed the communication model called Dance’s Helix Model for a better communication process. The name helical comes from “Helix” which means an object having a three-dimensional shape like that of a wire wound uniformly around a cylinder or cone. He shows communication as a dynamic and non-linear process.

It is a Circular Model, so that communication is something circular in nature.

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