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~In the United States alone there are more than 89,000 patients waiting for an organ transplant.
~This number goes up roughly by 48,000 each year.
~Over 500 people die each month because they were in need of a vital organ but couldn't receive one.
~Almost 10% of patients in need of a transplant are under the age of 18.
~96% of people in the UK believe donating is the right thing to do but only 30% of people have registered as donors.
~You have a greater chance of becoming in need of an organ transplant than becoming a donor.
~An advancement that would be the outcome of Dr. Till's and Dr. McCulloh's discovery would be the growth of human tissues and organs from stem cells alone.
~The first type of organs grown from cells alone were liver for mice.
~This happened in a lab in Japan. Scientists grew the organs, transplanted them into the mice and tested them to see if they functioned properly.
~Obviously, they don't have all the functions human liver would but they do have some. Such as the ability to filter toxins and make liver specific proteins.
~The growth of human organs is very important and a big step forward because it could potentially solve the shortage of organs needed for transplants.
~This discovery does not really have an effect or make a difference on day to day life for the majority of individuals.
~Stem cells can help treat cancer patients, patients in need of organ transplants, patients with certain types of blindness and individuals with diabetes.
~Till met Ernest McCulloh who was in need of a physicist.
~Till and McCulloh became work partners.
~Together they researched total body irradiation and focused on the biological effects of radiation on cancer cells.
~Experimented on mice by replacing dead bone marrow cells with new, healthy ones.
~Discovered that the healthy cells were developing "colony forming units". In other words, multiplying through replication.
~These self renewing blood cells were later named "stem cells".
~The two scientists created a whole new field of research with this discovery.
~Date of Birth: 21 April, 1926.
~Place of Birth: Toronto, Ontario.
~During Dr. McCulloh's mid-teens he decided he wanted to enter the medical field.
~He only chose this field because he wanted to be his own boss.
~Dr. McCulloh studied at the University of Toronto in 1948
~Once he graduated he went to London, England to begin doing research
~In 1957 Dr. McCulloh joined the OCI where his main focus was lukimia and normal blood formation.
~Date of birth: August 25th, 1931.
~Place of birth: Lloydminster, Saskatchewan.
~Dr. James Till grew up on a farm which his family owned.
~Dr. Till's parents forced both him and his brother to attend university.
~influenced/inspired by his brother to go into the science field, specifically physics.
~Dr. Till studied at:
-the University of Saskatchewan in 1952 (physics).
-Yale University in 1957(completed physics PhD).
-the University of Toronto (biophysics).
~Dr. Till got a job at the Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI) as a post-doctoral fellow.
~Post-doctoral: Of, relating to, or denoting research undertaken after the completion of doctoral research.
~Total Body Irradiation: Total body irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for haematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation.
~Bone Marrow: A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).
~Stem cell: An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation
~Colony forming units: Usually abbreviated as CFU, refer to individual colonies of bacteria, yeast or mold. A colony of bacteria or yeast refers to a mass of individual cells of same organism, growing together
http://cdnmedhall.org/inductees/dr-james-till
http://oicr.on.ca/news/portal-news/lifetime-achievement-drs-james-till-and-ernest-mcculloch
http://livinghistory.med.utoronto.ca/people/james-till
http://www.moldbacteriaconsulting.com/fungi/colony-forming-units-cfu.html
http://www.globalchange.com/stemcells2.htm
http://www.unckidneycenter.org/25facts.pdf