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Dr. James Edgar Till

Next Outcome/Advancement

Facts on Shortage of Organs

~In the United States alone there are more than 89,000 patients waiting for an organ transplant.

~This number goes up roughly by 48,000 each year.

~Over 500 people die each month because they were in need of a vital organ but couldn't receive one.

~Almost 10% of patients in need of a transplant are under the age of 18.

~96% of people in the UK believe donating is the right thing to do but only 30% of people have registered as donors.

~You have a greater chance of becoming in need of an organ transplant than becoming a donor.

~An advancement that would be the outcome of Dr. Till's and Dr. McCulloh's discovery would be the growth of human tissues and organs from stem cells alone.

~The first type of organs grown from cells alone were liver for mice.

~This happened in a lab in Japan. Scientists grew the organs, transplanted them into the mice and tested them to see if they functioned properly.

~Obviously, they don't have all the functions human liver would but they do have some. Such as the ability to filter toxins and make liver specific proteins.

~The growth of human organs is very important and a big step forward because it could potentially solve the shortage of organs needed for transplants.

Biography

Definitions

Dr. Till's Contribution to Biology

How Dr. Till's Contribution Affects

Everyday Life

Dr. Ernest McCulloh

~This discovery does not really have an effect or make a difference on day to day life for the majority of individuals.

~Stem cells can help treat cancer patients, patients in need of organ transplants, patients with certain types of blindness and individuals with diabetes.

~Till met Ernest McCulloh who was in need of a physicist.

~Till and McCulloh became work partners.

~Together they researched total body irradiation and focused on the biological effects of radiation on cancer cells.

~Experimented on mice by replacing dead bone marrow cells with new, healthy ones.

~Discovered that the healthy cells were developing "colony forming units". In other words, multiplying through replication.

~These self renewing blood cells were later named "stem cells".

~The two scientists created a whole new field of research with this discovery.

~Date of Birth: 21 April, 1926.

~Place of Birth: Toronto, Ontario.

~During Dr. McCulloh's mid-teens he decided he wanted to enter the medical field.

~He only chose this field because he wanted to be his own boss.

~Dr. McCulloh studied at the University of Toronto in 1948

~Once he graduated he went to London, England to begin doing research

~In 1957 Dr. McCulloh joined the OCI where his main focus was lukimia and normal blood formation.

~Date of birth: August 25th, 1931.

~Place of birth: Lloydminster, Saskatchewan.

~Dr. James Till grew up on a farm which his family owned.

~Dr. Till's parents forced both him and his brother to attend university.

~influenced/inspired by his brother to go into the science field, specifically physics.

~Dr. Till studied at:

-the University of Saskatchewan in 1952 (physics).

-Yale University in 1957(completed physics PhD).

-the University of Toronto (biophysics).

~Dr. Till got a job at the Ontario Cancer Institute (OCI) as a post-doctoral fellow.

~Post-doctoral: Of, relating to, or denoting research undertaken after the completion of doctoral research.

~Total Body Irradiation: Total body irradiation (TBI) is a form of radiotherapy used primarily as part of the preparative regimen for haematopoietic stem cell (or bone marrow) transplantation.

~Bone Marrow: A soft fatty substance in the cavities of bones, in which blood cells are produced (often taken as typifying strength and vitality).

~Stem cell: An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism that is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation

~Colony forming units: Usually abbreviated as CFU, refer to individual colonies of bacteria, yeast or mold. A colony of bacteria or yeast refers to a mass of individual cells of same organism, growing together

Sources

http://cdnmedhall.org/inductees/dr-james-till

http://oicr.on.ca/news/portal-news/lifetime-achievement-drs-james-till-and-ernest-mcculloch

http://livinghistory.med.utoronto.ca/people/james-till

http://www.moldbacteriaconsulting.com/fungi/colony-forming-units-cfu.html

http://www.globalchange.com/stemcells2.htm

http://www.unckidneycenter.org/25facts.pdf

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