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A POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE ETHIOPIAN LAND TENURE SYSTEM

Shortcomings

  • Land Grabs, claim to improve domestic food security, however studies show that much of the food produced will be exported
  • The Ethiopian government claims that the transfer of technology will outweigh the cost of Land Grabs,
  • However studies show that these farms are leaving people without land to live off, and their benefits of employment is limited (seasonal) and the wages are not high enough for families to live off.
  • Villagization programs are removing people from their ancestral land, which they know how to cultivate and can take care, to new land, that is not as fertile and is usually much smaller
  • Both of these shortcomings have resulted in peace and violent demonstrations, which are bound to get more violent

Conclusion

  • Has land distribution in Ethiopia always been equitable?
  • The answer is No!
  • What role did history plan in shaping the current land policy?
  • It planned a major role and has certainly shaped today's policy!
  • Has the current administration's policy improved land security and equity?
  • The answer is No!
  • Recommendations
  • Stop villagization programs and large-scale land sales,
  • Land tenure policy and strategy must be governed by a socioeconomic rationale that includes efficiency and equity considerations.

Interventions

  • Due to the famine of the 1970s and 1980s, and the ongoing food security issues in Ethiopia
  • The current administration has put land security in the back seat and primarily focused on improved food access and economic development
  • For this reason the government has embarked on a policy of leasing out large tracts of land (Land Grabs)
  • Other policies of villagization, and pure tenant removal, have left thousands without homes

Literature Review

Problem

  • Because the issues of land rights and land use are complex, the literature could not do much to find/recommend solutions
  • Studying a few qualitative and quantitative on the subject, all I have gathered is that land distribution/redistribution has not been equitable in Ethiopia
  • The studies further conclude that current policies should be changed for they have serious shortcomings
  • The Literature further found that although the current administration claims that land is more equitable and vulnerable people are protected by the State, this is not the case
  • There were a few limitation in the literature
  • One, was that it was not as detailed as possible
  • Second, was it could not accurately measure the historical impacts, for there is little to no information from the past
  • Has land distribution in Ethiopia always been equitable?
  • What role did history plan in shaping the current land policy?
  • And has the current administration's policy improved land security and equity?

Historical Context

  • Historically, land in Ethiopia has been controlled by the State in one way or another.
  • In the times of the Monarchy, the King claimed all land as his personal property.
  • After the fall of the Monarchy in 1974, The Derg gained control of the state.
  • The Derg, made all land public, basically stating that all land belongs to the State
  • The current administration continues this notion
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