Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) Model

Intervention

References

Time and Context

-Age

-Developmental Stage

-Health Status

-Time patterns and rhythms over days, weeks, and years

-Routines

Law, M., Cooper, B.A., Strong, S., Stewart, D., Rigby, P., Letts, L. (1996). The person-environment-occupation model: A transactive approach to occupational performance. The Canadian Journal Of Occupational Therapy, 63(1), 9-21.

Canadian Occupational Therapy Association. The person-environment-occupation circle tool: A simple way to bridge theory into practice. Cramm, H.

American Occupational Therapy Association. (2014) Occupational therapy practice framework: Domain and process 3rd edition. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 68(1), 1-48.

A HUGE thank you to Mr. and Mrs. Palpant for their roles as Mr. and Mrs. Tilly!

-Purpose of interventions is to create a Person-Environment-Occupation fit

-The closer the fit, the better the occupational performance

-Interventions can target the person, occupation, and/or the environment in different ways

-Multiple avenues for change

-Implement interventions in context

Environment

Person

Person: Core Concepts

Outcomes of Intervention

Environment: Core Concepts

• Ideally, outcome results in better fit and maximized occupational performance
• Outcomes are based on measures of occupational performance
• Can look different depending on which factors are targeted in intervention

-Persons are unique beings with mind, body, and spiritual qualities

-We assume multiple dynamic roles at once

-Roles vary in importance, duration and significance

-Skills, performance, and life experiences contribute to performance from within the person

-Self-concept, personality, cultural background

-Motor, sensory, cognitive and general health competencies

-Contexts and situations that occur outside individuals and elicit responses from them

-Equally considers personal, social, physical, attitudes, family, institutional, cultural, economic, legal, political considerations

-Influential from individual to country level- micro to macro

-The various ways environment is used cue and predict the different roles, activities and occupational behaviors that occur there

What does

intervention look like?

Person-Environment-Occupation Fit

Environment: Assumptions

Person: Assumptions

-Environment is the context where

occupational performance happens

-Environment is influenced by behavior, and vice versa

-Dynamic

-Can inhibit or enable occupational performance

-Is easier to change than Person

Occupational Performance

-Persons are dynamic, motivated, and consistently developing

-Constantly interact with the environment

-The qualities of a person influence how they interact with the environment and carry out occupational performance

-A person's attributes can change

Occupational Performance

-The complex combination of person, environment, and occupational factors in context with spacial and temporal aspects

-Represents how well the components fit and interact compatibly to create more or less harmonious performance

-This shifts throughout lifetime as view of self changes, and meaning of occupation and environment change

Mr. Tilly

Meet Mr. Tilly

Agents of Change

Wellness

• Congruence or incongruence between person, environment, and occupation

• Identify occupational strengths and problems to decide what to alter

• Outcome: occupational performance

• Environment as intervention

• Consider the person in multiple ways

• Intervention as dynamic process

Perspective on Health/Wellness

• Optimal fit between person, environment, occupation (PEO fit)

• Holistic view of the person

• Environmental challenges meet personal skills

• Optimal performance within context

• Illness/disability result from poor fit between person and environment

• Environments can foster dependency

• Perception of environment vs. reality of environment

• Context determines functional performance

Occupation: Core Concepts

Occupation: Assumptions

-Includes Activity (basic task unit), Task (set of purposeful activities), and Occupation (cluster or group of self-directed, functional tasks and activities over the lifespan)

-Person engages in occupation to meet basic, inherent need for self-maintenance, expression and fulfillment

-Occupation occurs in context

-Occupation meets a person's needs for self-maintenance, expression and fulfillment

-Includes activities and tasks "done to accomplish a purpose"

-Occupation is a complex and necessary function of living

Occupation

WE LOVE PEO YAY!

Intro Song:

You don't know about PEO

Bye!

Historical Foundations

-Environmental behavior theorists from psychology, sociology, anthropology

-OT perspectives on person-environment interactions including Kielhofner's Model of Human Occupation and the Ecological Systems Model for OT

You're insecure

Don't know what for

This theory is really simple, don't walk out the door

P is for person

E's for environment

O is occupation, but I know you already knew that

Everyone else in this room needs to know this

Everyone else but Linn (cause she already knows it)

Baby let me tell you a story about Mr. Tilly

He had two strokes and now he's kind of grumpy

But adjusting his person, environment, or occupation

We know

We know how to use PEO

to help Mr. Tilly begin to smile

and to find occupations that will be worthwhile

Not to spoil the ending, but Mr. Tilly would now say

You need to know

You need to know about PEO

So let us tell you about PEO

Development of PEO:

-Lawton & Nahemov (1973)

-Csikszetmihalyi & Csikszetmihalyi (1988)

-Canadian guidelines for OT practices and

approach to measurement

-(Canadian) Occupational Therapy

Guidelines for Client-Centered Practices

-Canadian Occupational Performance Measure

Unique Contributions

-multiple ways to enhance occupational performance through interventions that target person, environment, and/or occupation

-systematic approach to collect data and organize aspects of the situation

-easy to understand and to explain to clients and other professionals

Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) Model

Richelle Suttle, Keara Palpant, Quinn Hoffman, Jackelyn Rockwood, and Rachel Payne