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CH4
Since methane molecules are nonpolar and do not form hydrogen bonds, they have different thermal properties than those of water.
H2O
They will have a lower boiling point, lower specific heat capacity and lower latent heat of vaporization because less energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces which hold the CH4 molecules together.
A water molecule is formed by 2 covalent bonds and 2 lone pairs of electrons. The lone pairs repel bonding pairs of electrons which causes the water molecule to be bent, v-shaped.
Methane (CH4), like water, is also a held together by covalent bonds, however the sharing of electron pairs is equal- it has no lone pairs of electrons. Although there is still a difference in elctronegativity between the Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, there is no overall polarity. Thus, methane is a nonpolar molecule.
In the H2O molecule, the oxygen is more electronegative than the H and attracts the electrons in the H-O bond more strongly than does the H. The electronegativity difference between the two atoms covalently bonded together results in the electrons lying more towards the O atom. This results in the polarity of the water molecule.
Having seen that water is a polar molecule, because of the unequal sharing of electrons, the hydrogen atoms have a slightly positive charge and oxygen has a slightly negative charge.
Positively charged particles and negatively charged particles attract each other and form an ionic compound. However, the charges are only partial and will experience a smaller attraction. These intermolecular forces between the H2O molecules are called Hydrogen Bonds.
Hydrogen bonding occurs between molecules when a very electronegative atom (O) is joined to a hydrogen atom in the molecule. Although the hydrogen bond is a weak intermolecular force, water molecules are small so there are many of them per unit volume of water abd large numbers of hydrogen bonds- collectively, they give water its unique properties.
High Specific heat capacity:
High latent heat of vaporization:
High boiling point: