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Assumptions of the Behaviourist Approach.
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Assumptions of the Behaviourist Approach
What is Operant
conditioning?
What is Social Learning Theory?
Classical conditioning
Behaviour can be explained in terms of classical conditioning.
Behaviour can be explained in terms of operant conditioning.
Behaviour can be explained in terms of social learning theory.
Assumption 2
Assumption 3
Assumption 1
Expectancy of future outcomes
Positive reinforcement:
When a reward is given to
encourage desirable behaviour
Modelling
Participants may learn behaviour by observing. Whether or not they imitate the behaviour they observe will depend on their expectations of consequences.
Individuals observe role models that they identify with and learn behaviours.
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Shaping
Negative reinforcement
This is when a desirable behaviour is required to escape from an unpleasant situation.
This is when reinforcement is given for behaviours as they get increasingly closer to the desired outcome.
What is Classical conditioning?
Vicarious reinforcement
Conditioning where new behaviours are acquired through association
Individuals observe role models being rewarded or punished and learn behaviours accordingly
Punishment:
An unpleasant stimulus is given
to deter an undesirable behaviour
For example we could learn to associate the sound of a bell with being quiet.
Key Terms
Unconditioned stimulus - A stimulus that has no learned response.
Unconditioned response - A response not yet associated with a stimulus.
Neutral Stimulus - An additional stimulus.
Conditioned stimulus - A stimulus that triggers a learned response.
Conditioned response - The learned response.