How to Use Microskills and the Five Stages With Theories of

What will be covered?

Part I: Micro-skills, Five Stages, and Theory

Part II: A Brief Summary of Theories

Part III: Crisis Counseling and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Micro-skills Recap

• Attending Behavior and Empathy
• Client Observation Skills
• Open and Closed Questions
• Encouraging, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
• Reflection of Feeling

5-Stages Recap

1. Empathetic Relationship

2. Story & Strengths

3. Goals

4. Restoring

5. Action

How to Use Micro-skills and the Five Stages With Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy

Decisional Counseling

Decisional Counseling

• Strategy- 5 stages + micro-skills through out (uses all)
• An expansion of Franklin's original three stages.
• Feelings and emotions are given central attention
• Useful with all clients and can easily be coupled with other theories

• Philosophy- Find something practical and pragmatic that "works"

• Decisional counseling needs to show its useful in practical matters.

• Extension of Benjamin Franklin's three stage decision making model

Logo Therapy

-Questioning and Reflecting meaning are the microskills most often used.

-Discernment, a dicisional process to choose one's attitude in any given circumstance

-Thinking is not enough

Person-Centered Counseling

Carl Rogers was the "ultimate listener"

Micro-skills most used include:

-attending behavior

-encouraging

-paraphrasing and summarizing

-reflecting feelings/ meaning

Empathic relationship very important

Logotherapy

"When I look at the world I'm pessimistic, but when I look at people I am optimistic" -Carl Rogers

Philosophy- Clients are their own experts on life and counselors are facilitators

Philosophy- There is always meaning to life

Become the best through discerning meaning and purpose in life

Activity

“Stephanie,” a 24-year-old college graduate living at home with her parents, presented as depressed and anxious. She is working at a job she dislikes and has a limited social life. She is currently searching for a job related to her graduate training, but is not having any luck. Her parents are controlling and always pushing her to do things she does not like.

1. Decisional

2. Person-Centered

3. Logo

4. MCT/ Feminist

Briefly discuss what the counseling process/relationship would look like based off of the theories we have discussed thus far, for the follow vignette.

Part III: Crisis Counseling and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) & Feminist Therapy

Part II. Theories

-Both of these were chosen to show the micro-skills and 5-stage model applied

MCT & Feminist Therapy

Methods used:

Cultural Identity Development (CID)

Increased awareness

RESPECTFUL Model

"All counseling and psychotherapy are multicultural" -Paul Pederson

-Focus on Cultural Environmental Context (CEC) throughout

-Always involved in counseling

Crisis Counseling

-Most action-oriented form of helping

-Crisis is a trauma and everyone is said to experience at least one throughout their lifetime.

-Two types: Immediate Here-and-now & Normal Part-of-Life

2 Phases: Working-Through & Follow-up

Crisis Counseling

• Decisional Counseling
• Person-Centered Counseling
• Logotherapy
• Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) & Feminist Therapy

-Goal is "Normalizing" crisis

-Calming & Caring

-Safety

-Action

-Debriefing

-Follow-up

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CBT

Philosophy- "People are disturbed not by things, but the view that they take of them" -Epictetus

Changing thought and taking action

Re-framing cognitions

Exploring ineffective and irrational thought patterns

-Encourages Self-healing and increases clients competency

>Cognitive activity affects behavior

>Cognitive activity may be monitored and altered

>Desired behavior change may be affected through cognitive change

Reference

CBT

Ivey, A., Ivey, M., & Zalaquett, C. (2013). Intentional interviewing and counseling: Facilitating client development in a multicultural society. Nelson Education.

• Uses the 5-stage framework and Micro-skills

1. Empathetic Relationship

2. Story & Strengths

3. Goals

4. Restoring

5. Action

Robert Yeagle