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Acute vs Chronic
Define both acute and chronic providing specific examples for each relating to the cardiovascular system.
Cardiovascular System Responses and Adaptations
Chronic Adaptations
What adaptations occur as a consequence of prolonged endurance training, to the following variables?
Ventricle walls
Stroke volume (rest, submaximal, maximal)
Cardiac output (rest, submaximal, maximal)
Heart rate (rest, submaximal, maximal)
Blood pressure (rest, submaximal, maximal)
Capillaries
Blood plasma
Erythrocytes
Acute Responses
Find evidence in research articles to back up your thoughts...
Input some examples here:
The average resting heart rate for a group of recreational 5-a-side footballers increased from 68.2±7.6 bpm at rest to a peak of 187.7±12.8 bpm during a 5-a-side match on a large pitch (Aslan, 2013).
The average resting heart rate for a group of elite female Taekwondo exponents increased from a pre fight value of 91.6±9.9 bpm to a mean average heart rate of 186.6±2.5 bpm during competition (Markovic, et al.2008).
The peak heart rate in trained endurance athletes during a 2 hour treadmill run or cycle was not effected by a high sodium (900mg/hr) salt supplementation; salt trial 181±13 bpm and placebo trial 180±12 bpm (Earheart et al., 2015).
What happens to the following variables during exercise?
Heart rate
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Blood pressure
Thermoregulation
Distribution of blood flow
Blood viscosity (prolonged exercise)