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Name: James John Asher.
Department: Psychology.
Academic Rank: Professor.
Birthplace: Detroit, Michigan Birth Year: 1929.
Marital Status: Spouse or Partner’s.
Name: Virginia Lee Asher.
Children’s Names: Jeffrey J. Asher, Melissa M. Smith.
Colleges or Universities Attended: Year Degree
San José university.
James Asher developed the total physical response method as a result of his observation of the language development of young children. Asher saw that most of the interactions that young children experience with parents or other adults combine both verbal and physical aspects.
Asher does not directly discuss the nature of language or how languages are organized. However, the labeling and ordering of TPR classroom drills seem to be built on assumptions that owe much to structuralist or grammar-based views of language.
For this dimension of his learning theory he draws on three rather influential learning hypotheses :
1. There exists a specific innate bio-program for language learning, which defines an optimal path for first and second language development.
2. Brain lateralization defines different learning functions in the left- and right-brain hemispheres.
3. Stress (an affective filter) intervenes between the act of learning and what is to be learned; the lower the stress, the greater the learning.
Let us consider how Asher views each of these in turn.
Characteristics.
Focusing on meaning and comprehension.
Semi-circle.
Listening and acting.
Verbal response is not necessary.
Grammar taught inductively. The coordination of speech and action.
Advantages.
Disadvantages.
Roles of the teachers.
Students enjoying.
Not preparing long hours. Effective for adult and young learners.
It is good tool for building vocabulary.
It benefits the Struggling students.
Roles of the students.
Best suitable for beginners.
It is only focus on listening comprehension and speaking.
Students are not generally give chance to express their thoughts in a creative way.
Teachers play an active and direct role in the class.
Directed learning models in a fun way.
Does not makes corrections to the instant.
Listener and performer.
They listen attentively and respond physically to the commands given.
The role of instructional materials.
Principles.
Makes emphasis in the physical activity as answer to the linguistic message.
The teacher uses orders in the communication with the students. Listening comprehension and the vocabulary is more development.
Language learning is more effective when it is fun.
The teacher's voice, actions, and gestures. Later the teacher may use common classroom objects.