IIII O

Hay's Second Round of Notes

Hay feared that the expeditionary force in china might attempt to occupy the country and destroy its independent. 1900, therefore , he wrote second note tot he imperialistic powers stating US committeemen to preserve China's territorial integrity as well as Safeguard "equal and imoartial trade with all the part of the Chines empire". Hay's first and second notes set US policy on China not only for the administration of McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt but also for the future presidents. In the 1930, this open door polciy for China would strongly influence US relation with Japan .

Hay's notes in themselves did deter other nations from exploiting the situation in China . For the moment, European powers were kept from grabbing large pieces of China by the political rivalries among themselves.

The Open Door Policy In Asia

America and the Europeans

in China

By 1900 the US was dounting the western hemspher, while the european ruling china with idea of the "Sphere of influnce".Many American feared that the process would soon cut them out of the china tarde altogether.

Connected Events :

• Russo-Japanese War 1904.
• Gentlemen agreement 1908.
• Root-Takahira Agreement 1908.
• WWI
• WWII

Hay's 3 Principle

• Each nation with sphere of influence in china was to respect the rights and the privileges of other nations in its sphere.
• Chinese officials were to continue to collect tariff duties in all spheres.
• Nation were not to discriminate against other nation in levying port dues and railroad rates within their own spheres.

The Open Door Polciy

The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, as enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers.

Japan

Russia

Japan

Germany

France

Russia

Britain

Europeans Nation's Responses

Europe and Japan received the Open Door proposal coolly. Russia openly rejected them: the other powers claimed to accept them in principle but to be unable to act unless other powers agreed.But Hay boldly announced that all the powers had accepted the principles of the Open Door in "Final and definitive" form and that the US expects them to observe those principles.

Hay's Open Door Notes

Eager for way to advance American interests in Chinawithout risking war, McKinley issued a statement in Septmeber 1898 saying the US wanted access to China, but no special advandge there. The next year , Secrtry of State John Hay translted those words into polciy when he addressed identical messages - which becaome known as the "Open Door Note" to Britain, Russia, France,Germany, Japan, and Italy.

Boxer Rebellions

The Boxer Rebellion was an uprising against foreigners and Christians that erupted in eastern China in the late 1890s.The driving force behind this uprising was a secret society called the Fists of Righteous Harmony.Members of the Righteous Harmony movement were anti-foreign, anti-Christian and often critical of the Qing regime for its inability to resist foreign imperialism. The rebellions attacked the foreigners places like churches and murdered many foreigners. the US troops participated in in an international force that marched into Peking(Beijing) and quckly crushed the rebellions of the Boxers. The countries forced China to pay a hug sum in indemnities , whihc further weakned the imperail regime.