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- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus; electrons are located in energy shells surrounding the nucleus
- From the atomic number, we can see how many protons an element has.
- The number of protons and the number of electrons are the same in all atoms so charges are balanced
- The outermost shell is called the valance shell
- Electrons in the valence shell are called valence electrons
- Going down a group: they all have the same amount of valence electrons (they stay the same)
- Going across a period: they all increase by 1 electron with each element
-Ions are formed from atoms that gain/lose electrons
- Ionic compounds are substances made up of at least one metal and one non-metal
- Metal = positive ion
- Non-metal = negative ion
Properties of ionic compounds: high melting points, form crystals, dissolve in water to form solutions that conduct electricity
- Elements classified as metals, non-metals, metalloids
Alloy: a mixture of two or more metals
Properties of elements:
Metals - Shiny & silver or grey in colour. Malleable and one of the best conductors in electricity
Non-Metals - Does not conduct electricity, not shiny. Reactive and will burn in air to produce a poisonous gas
Metalloids - Does not conduct electricity AS WELL as metal. Shiny and grey, but is brittle
4 points about atoms explained by John Dalton:
- All matter is made of small indivisible particles called atoms
- All the atoms of an element are identical in properties such as size and mass
-Atoms of different elements have different properties
-Atoms of different elements can combine in specific ways to form new substances
-The nucleus is located in the centre of the atom (positive charge)
- Neutrons are the neutral particles in the nucleus
-Electrons are arranged around a nucleus by having specific energy levels (shells); jumping between these shells by gaining/losing electrons
-Maximum amount of electrons in first shell: 2
- Maximum amount of electrons in every other shell: 8
-Atoms contain 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, electrons
- Protons and neutrons located within the nucleus
- Electrons are in energy levels surrounding the nucleus
- Atomic number = number of protons in an atom of an element
- Atomic mass = the average mass of an element's atoms
- Elements become positive ions by losing electrons
- Elements become negative ions by gaining electrons
Period = horizontal row
Group = vertical row
Isabelle Pardinas
TA: Chan #19
SNC1D1-05