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3) Iran loses all rights to navigate the Caspian Sea, and Russia is granted exclusive rights to station its military fleet in the Caspian Sea.
4) Both countries agree on the establishment of free trade, with Russians having free access to conduct
business anywhere in Iran.
Iran is also given complete and free
access to Russia,
5) Russia in return promises to support
Abbas Mirza as heir to the Persian throne
after the death of Fath Ali Shah.
By the treaty:
Persia ceded to Russia control of several areas in the South Caucasus: the Erivan Khanate, the Nakhchivan Khanate, and the remainder of the Talysh Khanate. The boundary between Russian and Persia was set at the Aras River. These territories comprise modern-day Armenia, the southern parts of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, as well as Iğdır Province (nowadays part of Turkey)
Article 4: Persia renounced all claims over the Erivan Khanate (most of present-day central Armenia), the Nakhchivan Khanate,the Talysh Khanate ,and the Ordubad and Mughan regions
Article 6: Persia promised to pay Russia 10 korur in gold or 20 million silver rubles (in 1828 currency).
Article 7: Russia promised to support Abbas Mirza as the heir to the throne of Persia on the death of Shah Fath Ali.
Article 8:Persian ships lost full rights to navigate all of the Caspian Sea and its coasts,henceforth given to Russia.
Persia recognized capitulation rights for Russian subjects in Persia.
Article 10:Russia gained the right to send consular envoys anywhere in Persia.
Article 10:Persia must accept commercial treaties with Russia as Russia specified.
Article 13:Prisoners of war were exchanged.
Persia officially apologized for breaking its promises made in the Gulistan Treaty.
Article 15:Shah Fath Ali Shah promised not to charge or persecute any inhabitant or official in the region of Iranian Azerbaijan for any deed carried out during the war or during the temporary control of the region by Russian troops. In addition, all inhabitants of the aforementioned district were given the right to move from Persian districts to Russian districts if they wished to do so within one year.
Persian forces had a considerable advantage during the war.However, the Persian forces were technologically backwards and poorly trained.Despite these crippling disadvantages, fighting continued in northern Persia, Azerbaijan and in regions of Georgia.
The Battle of Aslanduz on 31 October 1812 was the turning point in the war, Fath Ali Shah with no other option but to sign the Treaty of Gulistan
2)These lands include:
1. All the cities, towns, and villages of
Georgia, including all the villages and
towns on the coast of the Black Sea, such as:
2. Megrelia,
3. Abkhazia,
4. Imeretia,
5. Guria;
6. Almost all the cities, towns and
villages of the khanates in South
Caucasus, including:
7. Baku khanate
8. Shirvan khanate,
9. Derbent,
10. Karabakh khanate,
11. Ganja khanate,
12. Shaki Khanate,
13. Quba Khanate,
14. part of the Talysh Khanate;
The Treaty of Gulistan was a peace treaty concluded between Imperial Russia and Persia (modern day Iran) on 24 October 1813 in the village of Gulistan (in modern-day Goranboy Rayon of Azerbaijan) as a result of the first full scale Russo-Persian War.
The treaty confirmed inclusion of modern day Azerbaijan, Daghestan and Eastern Georgia into the Russian Empire.
1. "Russia by this instrument was confirmed in possession of all the khanates -Karabagh, Gandja, Shekeen, Shirvan, Derbend, Kouba, and Baku, together with part of Talish and the fortress of Lenkoran. Persia further abandoned all pretensions to Daghestan, Georgia, Mingrelia, Imeretia, and Abkhazia.
Persia was trying to align with France in 1801 to better position itself in case of war with Russia, yet those attempts fell through.Both Russia and Britain were currently engaged in the Napoleonic wars.Fath Ali Shah instead brokered a deal with Britain that provided Persia with military support from Indian-British troops in exchange for preventing any European country from entering India.With the alliance, Persia entered into the first Russo-Persian War against a militarily pre-occupied Russia, which was heavily invested in the Napoleonic Wars.
By this final treaty of 1828 and the 1813 Gulistan treaty, Russia had finalised conquering all Caucasian territories from Azerbaijan, comprising modern-day Dagestan, eastern Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, which had formed part of its concept for three centuries.The area to the North of the river Aras, among which the territory of the contemporary nations of Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the North Caucasian Republic of Dagestan were occupied by Russia in the course of the 19th century.
The treaty was signed for Persia by Crown Prince Abbas Mirza and for
Russia by General Ivan
Paskievich.
Like the 1813 Treaty of Gulistan,
this treaty was imposed by
Russia, following
military victory
over Persia. Paskievich
threatened to occupy Tehran
in five days unless
the treaty was signed.
The Treaty of Turkmenchay(was an agreement between Persia (modern day Iran) and the Russian Empire, which concluded the Russo-Persian War (1826–28). It was signed on 10 February 1828 in Torkamanchay, Iran.