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Definition of a Parenthetical Expression

Short Stock Phrases

of course

after all

as a matter of fact

for instance

Short subject

verb sequences

Is it

Isn't it

I believe

These are only parenthetical

if they show up in a position other than

the start of the sentence.

This can be over used and can diminish impact

OKAY--Saw III is, I believe, the best Saw movie.

This is okay because I'm just stating an opinion.

Not OKAY--The Holocaust was, I believe, a terrible tragedy.

Makes it sound like this is an "opinion" and that other "opinions" hold equal value.

Much stronger to just say, "The Holocaust was a terrible tragedy."

Conjunctive Adverbs

however

moreover

nevertheless

Always parenthetical

Here "however" is part of the second

sentence, so it is set off from that sentence

with a comma. The first sentence ends

with a semi-colon.

The armadillo was mad with power;

however, he had no weapons.

We are, nevertheless, going to stop the armadillo.

In this sentence, "nevertheless" interrupts, so it

is set off with two commas.

Example: John, Phil, Amanda, etc., went to my party.

Can be used to make a short list sound longer

or to not have to completely spell out a much

longer list.

Abbreviation for the Latin "Et Cetera"

Example: Mom, Jack is hitting himself again.

Notice that "Mom" is the one who this sentence is

being delivered to, but she is not the subject of the sentence.

Ladies and gentlemen, take your seats. The show is about to begin.

In this command, the subject is really an "implied

you," but the direct address "ladies and gentlemen" specifies the audience for the command.

For example

sometimes set off alone

We are, for example, not fond of Spam.

sometimes set off with the example

Many canned meats, for example Spam,

will likely be edible in the event of a global

catastrophe.

Direct Address

interruption in a sentence--something

that might exist in parenthesis because

while adding additional information or

meaning, it's not needed for the syntax of

the sentence.

Set off names when a

sentence is being addressed

to a particular audience

Parenthetical Expressions

This is, of course, the right armadillo.

Comma Usage

Notice that "of course" can

be removed and the sentence is

still complete.

Etc.

Always parenthetical

The uranium, as a matter of fact, has been secured.

Again, "as a matter of fact" is not needed

for this to be a complete sentence.

NOT PARENTHETICAL

PARENTHETICAL

Isn't it a lovely day?

The day is lovely, isn't it?

I believe that SPAM is delicious.

Spam is, I believe, delicious.

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