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can be classified into domain

which is branched off into Kingdom

which can live in extreme environments

Extreme Thermophiles

Extreme Halophiles

Extreme Psychrophiles

which branches off into Kingdom

that has three major morphologies which are

Coccus: round bacterial cell

for example:

Bacillus: rod-shaped bacterial cell

for example:

Spirillium: spiral-shaped bacterial cell

for example:

which is branched off into Kingdom

that can be

for example

that can be

for example

that can be

for example

which branches off into Kingdom

with the phyla

for example:

with the phyla

for example

with the phyla

for example:

with the phyla

for example:

with the phyla

for example:

which branches off into Kingdom

which has a diversity of

for example:

which branches off into Kingdom

that do not have a backbone are called

that are categorized into

such as

such as

that do have a backbone are called

that are categorized into

such as

which is in the class of

in the grouping of

for example:

in the grouping of

for example:

in the grouping of

for example:

Sponge

Coral

staphylococcus aureus

-can cause a range of ilnesses, from minor to life threatening

-pimples, boils to meningitis, pneumonia

-no distinct tissues or organs

-no symmetry

sessile

-most are hermaphroditic

HUMAN INFLUENCE

Porifera

-clean up contaminated sites

-decomposers: recycle nutrients from dead to living

-produce foods & medicines ex: yogurt and insulin

-tissues, but no organs

-radial symmetry

Cnidaria

Flatworms

  • thrive in very hot environments
  • Live in high saline environments

-mostly parasitic

-bilaterally symmetrical

-cephalization

Platyhelminthes

  • thrive in very cold environments

Rotifers

Eubacteria

Streptobacillus

Archaebacteria

  • Haverhill fever infection
  • fever, rash, chills headache, vomiting, muscle pain
  • weight loss and diarrhea in children

-bilaterally symmetrical

-simple body cavity

Rotifera

- unicellular

-cell wall contains a unique compound

-cells are variable in shape & size

-photosynthetic, chemosynthetic or heterotrophic

-all can reproduce asexually

-unicellular

-cells lack nuclei and membrane-bounded organelles

-distinctive cell walls

-some autotrophs

-some heterotrophs

  • live in swamps and marshes
  • produce methane as a waste product

Methanogens

Roundworms

-bilaterally symmetrical

-unsegmented cylindrical bodies

-many are parasitic

Nematoda

Snails

HUMAN INFLUENCE

Bacteria

Archaea

Mollusca

-bilaterally symmetrical

-true coelem

-body cavity

  • Causes many diseases
  • creates antibiotics

Invertebrates

-animals that lack a backbone

Amoeba: -heterotrophs

-single large tubular pseudopod

-cytoplasm consists of ectoplasm and endoplasm

-moves by using pseudopodia

  • causes treponemal diseases
  • syphilis, bejel, pinta

Treponema Pallidum

Leeches

can be classified into domain

Annelida

-segments

-bilaterally symmetrical

-true coelem

BIODIVERSITY

Vertebrates

-have a backbone

Crustaceans

Animal-like

-bilaterally symmetrical

-segmented

-exoskeleton (chitin + protein)

Arthropoda

- unicellular

-heterotrophic

Animals

Starfish

Echinodermata

Amphibia

-deuterostome

-spiny endoskeleton

- eukaryotic

-all are multicellular

-no cell walls

-not photosynthetic since it doesn't have chloroplasts

-heterotrophic

-most reproduce sexually

live in terrestrial & aquatic enviornments

-moist skin

-three-chambered heart

-ectotherms

-external development in aquatic egg

can be classified into domain

woody plants, trees, shrubs, beans

Reptilia

Dicots (Eudicot)

  • 2 cotyledons
  • leaves with network of veins

Angiosperms

-dry skin, scales, armor

-three-chambered heart

-internal fertilization

-external development in amniotic egg

that splits into two major classes which are

  • flowering plants
  • have seeds enclosed in fruits, which are mature ovaries
  • key reproduction are flowers and fruits

PROTISTA

Chordata

Plants

Eukarya

-internal bony skeleton

-skull incased brain

-deuterostome

Monocots

  • 1 cotyledon
  • leaves with parallel veins

grasses, palms, lilies

Chondrichthyes

Euglena:

Plant-like

-cartilage skeleton

-paired fins

-scales

-internal development

-autotrophic

-photosynthetic

-big flagella tail used for moving

-pigment shield

  • eukaryotic
  • all multicellular
  • cell walls composed of cellulose
  • possess chloroplasts therefore perform photosynthesis
  • autotrophic
  • reproduce sexually & asexually

- eukaryotic

"junk drawer" kingdom

-cells have extreme diversity of cellular structure

-some have chloroplasts and cell walls

-autotrophic or heterotrophic

-usually live in aquatic or moist environments

Mammals

Fish

Gymnosperms

-autotrophs

-perform photosynthesis

-mostly unicellular

Agnatha

  • "naked" seeds, not enclosed in ovaries
  • seeds are often exposed on modified leaves that form cones
  • do not produce fruits

-ectothermic

-external fertilization

-body covering in skin

Penicillium

Aves

Pine Tree

-feathers & wings

-thin, hollow bone

-four-chambered heart

-internal fertilization

Bryophytes

Deuteromycota

Seedless Vascular

Osteichthyes

HUMAN INFLUENCE

-bone skeletons

-gills

-fertilization usually external but can be internal

  • non-vascular
  • small size because no xylem or phloem
  • require water for the sperm to swim to the egg during fertilization
  • gametophytes produce flagellated sperm in antheridia
  • sporophytes grow out of archegonia and are the smallest and simplest of all extant plant groups

-fungi imperfecti

-produces spores asexually

  • grow taller gaining access to sunlight
  • have independent branching sporophytes
  • still require a film of water for the sperm to reach the egg

Mammalia

  • use animals for food
  • as companions
  • we are under this species

Fungi-like

-hair

-four-chambered heart

-endotherms

-internal fertilization

Water Mould

Monotremes

Fungi

Chytridiomycota

Hornwort

-saprophytic (feeds off dead matter)

-decomposers

-heterotrophic

Ferns

-egg-laying mammals

-lack placenta and nipples

Placental (eutherians)

-true placenta

-swimming spores

-single celled or multicellular

-saprophytes

HUMAN INFLUENCE

-eukaryotic

-cell wall is composed of chitin

-all are heterotrophic

-reproduce sexually and asexually

-cells have no chloroplast, therefore not photosynthetic

-reproduces using spores

Marsupials

Mushrooms

HUMAN INFLUENCE

Basidiomycota

-pouched mammals

-short lived placenta

-offspring feed from nipples in pouch

  • nutrition: fruits, seeds, flowers
  • herbal medicine
  • certain types such as wood can be used for shelter, construction etc.

- important decomposers of organic material

-defined by a clublike structure called a basidium

  • protists such as apicomplexa and kitenoplastids can cause harmful diseases like malaria
  • protophyta respirate oxygen, making them crucial for sustaining life on Earth
  • without protists, the ocean's food chain would collapse, therefore affecting other food chains

Platypus

Slime Moulds: -use spores to reproduce

- lack chitin in walls

-heterotrophic

Humans

Ascimycota

Opossum

Zygomycota

- found in a variety of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats

-production of sexual spores in sac-like structures

-vary in size and complexity

-sexually produced zygosporangia

-resistant to freezing and drying

-persist through unfavourable conditions

Bread Moulds

Cup Fungi

HUMAN INFLUENCE

  • decomposers: recycle organic material
  • food such as cheese, bread, alcohol
  • antibiotics, treats bacterial infections
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