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Usefulness of Today's Chickens
Chickens have adapted to live with each other in the thousands, they have been able to figure out where the feed and water is and what time to get up. Chickens are able to know where to go to lay their eggs, and their brains have developed differently than chickens that existed hundreds of years ago. Due to the increase in the poultry size and business, chickens are now worth $5-$50 per chicken depending on the age, breed, and size. Whereas chickens back in the 1900’s could cost as low as $0.20.
Works Cited
"U.S. Chicken Industry History - The National Chicken Council." The National Chicken Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. <http://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/history/>
"Poultry Farming in the United States." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_farming_in_the_United_States>
Howard, Jacqueline. "Chickens Look Way Different Today, And Here's The Reason Why." The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/21/chickens-bred-bigger_n_5983142.html>
"Chickens Have Quadrupled in Size in the Last 50 Years." Nature World News RSS. N.p., 14 Oct. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2015. <http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/9587/20141014/chickens-quadrupled-size-last-50-years.htm>
Artificial selection of chickens
Humans have chosen to keep the chickens that, say lay the most eggs or have a great reproductive rate. This process is called artificial selection, where us humans select the best chickens, and breed them with other chickens for more chickens like them. Humans put chickens in secluded barns and keep them generally inside. This protects them from predators, certain weather, and diseases. This increases the survivability rate of chickens.
Advantages today's chickens have
Chickens of today are naturally just bigger because humans have bred them to be bigger. Canadian researchers partook in an experiment where they had 3 broiler chickens, one chicken from 1957, another chicken from 1978, and finally the last chicken from 2005. all three chickens were fed the same amount of food and given the same amount of water, and all three chickens had their picture taken at the same age. The chicken from 2005 was close to 3 times bigger than the 1978 chicken, and nearly 4 times larger the 1957 chicken. The experiment showed what we already knew, that chickens are bred to be larger, and with better breeding technologies and feed, chickens are getting bigger and bigger. Artificial selection as well as natural selection all lead to the final result of bigger, better chickens.
The Evolution of the Chicken
by: Aaron and James
Genetic Engineering of the Chicken
Humans have used selective breeding to alter and change the chicken to get the best result. The ways in which the chicken can be manipulated are plenty, for example production rate, behavior, and biological traits. With the increasing knowledge and development of breeding and biotechnology, we are able to modify the species to best suit our interests. With advancements with things like artificial insemination, embryo transfer, cloning, and drafts of a chicken genome, it comes to no surprise that chickens today have a benefit over earlier farm chickens.
The ability of animals adaption
Change is defined as becoming different. In nature the changing environment puts pressure on all living things including animals for survival and reproduction. In man-made environments chickens change to meet humans needs. A chicken has the ability to alter its development, physiology, and behaviour to fit a specific environment through adaption. However, when chickens adapt to a new environment, it affects their reproductive success, survival capability, and their general well-being.
Natural selection of chickens
The natural selection is an evolutionary process in which different survival and reproductive success affects the species; as well, an animals willingness to adapt changes the species slightly, or dramatically. Over the thousands of years that chickens have been domesticated by humans, we have found uses for them like meat, eggs, and feathers. Chickens have adapted to their secluded artificial environment and it has changed the species dramatically, as they no longer have to dig around for food or venture around for water, instead everything they need is right there; therefore, chickens lose some of their survival instincts. And those who cannot adapt as well, do not survive as long.
Mechanisms of adaptation of animals
Plasticity is the the adaptability of an organism to changes in its environment or differences between its various habitats. There are many different types of plasticity, including Genetic plasticity and physical plasticity. In Genetic plasticity chickens are adapted through the modification of their chromatin structure, to things such as the change of the gene sequence through recombination, mutation, and other methods. Meanwhile Physical plasticity is a change happening to is actual structure, such as beak shape and feathers covering the body. There are even other types of plasticity that modify the chickens behavior and increases their stamina through various changes in the chicken.