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Mining is the main industry in the Arctic and Hudson Bay Lowlands. The region has a lot of minerals such as zinc, lead, copper and nickel. Diamonds, sapphires and gold are found on Baffin Island in Nunavut (near Iqaluit). A large oil field lies under Beaufort Sea and the Mackenzie Delta of the Northwest Territories. Oil companies have been exploring and drilling test wells in these areas since the 1970's. Currently, lignite, a type of coal, is being tested to prove it is rich enough for mining.
Other Industries
- Fishing
- Forestry (export of lumber)
- Tourism (Arctic Lowlands: northern lights, sight-seeing for beluga whales and polar bears, skiing or rock climbing on mountains
Hudson Bay Lowlands: canoeing, white water kayaking, fishing)
The Arctic Lowlands are located above the Canadian shield, mainly in the territory of Nunavut, and in some parts of the Northwest Territories and Yukon.
The Hudson Bay Lowlands are located in parts of northern Ontario, eastern Manitoba, and a small portion of western Quebec. It is specifically located around the southwestern shore of Hudson Bay and James Bay.
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/physiographic-regions
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/hudson-bay
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/natural-regions/
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Due to the poorly drained soil and the harsh weather, there is not much vegetation in the Lowlands. The Arctic Lowlands are sparsely vegetated with a lot of bare, lifeless areas. Most plants in the Arctic Lowlands are low-growing shrubs, mosses and weeds.
Going deep into the Hudson Bay Lowlands, you will find dense forests with spruce, poplar and birch trees, but only 25% of the forests are productive.
The Lowlands were formed from the Paleozoic sedimentary rock, which contains lignite (coal), oil and natural gas. The Arctic Lowlands consist of upland areas, countless islands, and a gently rolling landscape.
The Hudson Bay Lowlands is 85% wetlands and consist of flat landscapes, swamps and plains, rolling hills, and cold desserts.
The region as a whole, is mainly rock, snow, ice and marshes.
Minerals and resources found in the lowlands include:
- copper - natural gas - sapphire
- zinc - oil
- gold - lignite (coal)
- nickel - diamond
Winters in the Arctic Lowlands are of harsh weather conditions. The climate is dry and cold and temperatures can drop as low as -40°C and reach as high as 0°C. Temperatures in the summer can be considered somewhat warm as they range anywhere between -10°C to 10°C.
The Hudson Bay Lowlands have somewhat long, cold winters, while the summers are cool and brief. The warming and cooling of the area is affected by the temperature of the surrounding water. Temperatures in July range between 12°C to 16°C and in the winter, -25°C to -23°C.