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Transcript

The Atomic Bombs -

Canada's Involvement

By: Jessica Sawyer & Victoria Schrapp

About the Atomic Bombs

Canadian Sites

  • The following Provinces and Territory provided the Manhattan Project the resources needed to help complete the atomic bombs
  • The largest man-made explosion in history thus far
  • There were two atomic bombs created during World War II called the Little Boy and the Fat Man
  • The Americans entered the war after a Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour
  • In order to stand a chance in the war, American President Franklin Roosevelt knew they had to build a new innovated weapon of mass destruction
  • This led to the establishment of the Manhattan Project

British Columbia

Northwest Territories

  • Contained a mine full of uranium and uranium-bearing ore
  • Located near Great Bear Lake
  • This ore was extracted and shipped thousands of kilometers to a refining facility in Ontario
  • Produced and supplied heavy water for the Manhattan Project, mainly to U.S. military facilities
  • Heavy water was essential to creating a reaction between plutonium and uranium
  • It sold the product until 1956

Recap

The Manhattan Project

Ontario

  • A project created in 1942 in Manhattan to research and develop the two atomic bombs
  • Led by the United States with Canada and the United Kingdom as major supporters
  • Scientists discovered that the splitting of an atom would be able to produce a massive nuclear reaction (the atomic bomb)
  • This site was chosen due to its proximity to the industrial manufacturing area of Ontario and Quebec
  • Able to quickly access supplies needed
  • Close to a railway and military base camp
  • Able to quickly import and export items between provinces

Little Boy

Fat Man

  • Dropped August 6th, 1945
  • The Little Boy was the first nuclear weapon ever dropped during war in Hiroshima
  • The bomb weighed approximately 9,000 pounds and could create an explosion equal to approximately 20,000 tons of TNT
  • Approximately 80,000 people were killed instantly
  • Dropped August 9th, 1945 in Nagasaki, just three days after the Little Boy bombing
  • The Fat Man was the second atomic bomb dropped and essentially ended World War II
  • The bomb weighed 10,300 pounds and created an explosion equal to approximately 25,000 tons of TNT
  • Approximately 40,000 people were killed instantly - bomb failed to hit target area
  • Tens of thousands of people later died due to radiation poisoning from the effects of both bombs

Montréal Laboratory

Major Players

  • Established in 1942
  • Over 300 staff members
  • Where most of the nuclear research was performed
  • The laboratory became associated with the U.S. Manhattan Project
  • There were many important people that assisted in the making of the atomic bombs
  • Two important men were: Louis Slotin and C.D. Howe

Louis Slotin

C.D. Howe

  • Born January 15, 1886
  • Canada' s Wartime Cabinet Minister during the process of creating the atomic bombs
  • A re-location was needed for the laboratory, so C.D. Howe approved of the Montreal Laboratory
  • Howe was in charge of overlooking the progress in the new laboratory
  • Born December 1st, 1910
  • Canadian physicist and chemist who worked on the Manhattan Project
  • Specialized in triggering devices
  • A year after the War ended, Slotin was killed from over exposure to radiation

The Quebec Agreement

  • This was an agreement between the United Kingdom and the United States saying that there are limitations to the development and uses of nuclear energy

Interesting Facts

  • The agreement also stated that there must always be a responsible representative from Canada, Britain or the United States overseeing the production of any nuclear developement

After Effects

  • The after effects of the atomic bombs were massive and permanent
  • They left physical, emotional, and spiritual scars on the citizens of Japan
  • Albert Einstein: came up with the idea of an atomic bomb - one of the lead scientists in the making of the bombs
  • Hiroshima was chosen because it was a large port city with the main army base for Japan. It also was not previously damaged by prior bombings
  • The atomic bombs inspired other countries to develop their own, including France, Britain, India and China
  • It cost 5 billion dollars per bomb to produce

Health Effects

The Terms

The leaders agreed to the following terms:

  • "We will never use this agency against each other"
  • "We will not use it against third parties without each other's consent"
  • "We will not either of us communicate any information about Tube Alloys to third parties except by mutual consent"
  • Shortly after the the nuclear explosion, black rain began to fall
  • Anyone caught in the black rain experienced the same horrible health affects as those effected radiation poisoning
  • Many people that did not die immediately after the bombing, later died due to radiation poisoning
  • Any water source near the nuclear explosion became contaminated and anyone that consumed this water would cough up a yellow substance
  • Many died instantly

Video

End of War

  • Japan surrendered and World War II came to an end
  • Emperor Hirohito gave the final word to surrender
  • Although the atomic bombs cost many Japanese lives, it also saved many
  • It is said that World War II would have lasted many more years and end up killing even more people than the atomic bombs did
  • Thanks to Canada's participation, the US was able to launch the atomic bombs before Germany got a chance to complete theirs
  • Canada allowed for a quicker and more efficient process in the making of the bombs
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