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Cost of the War

What is War: A W. W. I Case Study

World War I Tech: Part II

World War I

Use the documents on our screen to answer these questions as a group. As you see each document, think about what these documents say about war and the impact of World War I.

  • 8.5 Million Military dead (7 million Civilians Dead) – 20 Million Military wounded
  • Homes, factories, farmland, infrastructure (roads, hospitals) all destroyed.
  • Economic Failure - industry could not recover quickly (unemployment). Agriculture had to be rebuilt – and loss of life (disease) led to diminished workforce.
  • Especially true for Germany and Russia.

Political Turmoil:

  • Russia: political revolution caused the overthrow of the Czar.
  • Germany: A new “Republic” was established – weak, unstable, and blamed.
  • Turmoil in the Balkans and Eastern Europe as new governments and nations tried to form.

Allies Win The War

Russia Bows Out of Eastern Front 1918

Vladimir Lenin

Eastern Front Closes

  • Civil unrest and

heavy casualties

from war causes

Russia quit

(3/1918)

  • Now Central

Powers focus on

the Western Front

End of the War and Its Legacy

  • Takes control of the revolution in Russia, communist base
  • Allows Germany to focus on the Western Front
  • Germany is severely weakened
  • U.S. sends supplies and troops
  • War ends 11/11/1918

The Legacy of the War

  • New Technologies
  • Global Scale
  • 8.5 Million Deaths
  • 21 Million Wounded
  • A "Lost Generation"
  • Drained economies

Paris Peace Conference

Treaty of Versailles

Objectives:

  • Paris Peace Conference (1919)
  • Big Three:

1. United States ( Woodrow Wilson)

2. Britain (Lloyd George)

3. France (Clemenceau)

  • Major focus for Britain and France – weaken Germany.
  • Russia, Japan, Germany, Austria-Hungry, and the Ottoman Empire had no vote.
  • Woodrow Wilson – 14 Points (Series of peace proposals by Wilson for a just and lasting peace)
  • President’s push to resolve war – goals:
  • (1-4)-Prevention of War
  • (5-13)-Self-Determination
  • 14-League of Nations (association to keep peace)
  • Treaty adopted between Allies and Germany (6/28/1919)

o Germany was blamed and severely punished:

o $30 Billion in reparations

o Limit the size of the German Military

o Give up land to the East (new nations) – buffer !

o Give up lands to the West (France) and overseas colonies.

o Take sole blame and responsiblity for the war

  • League of Nations created – to prevent another major war (U.S. does NOT join-nor is part of the Versailles)

"A Peace Built on Quicksand"

  • Many saw war in the future
  • Germany was embarrassed

and bitter with "peace"

  • Russia forced to give up land
  • Central Powers also lose land-Ottoman=Turkey
  • No colonial independence
  • International peace organization; Germany and Russia excluded

  • Excludes enemies and neutral nations initially
  • Germany returns Alsace-Lorraine to France; French extends border to west bank of Rhine River (Coal and Industry)
  • Germany Surrenders all overseas colonies
  • New nations formed in E. Europe--Buffer nations from communist Russia-no longer shared boarder
  • Limits the size of German Army (100k Army and 6 Navy ships)--No troops in the Rhineland--Borders France
  • Not allowed to import or manufacture weapons or war materials
  • Forbidden to build or by any submarines or have an air force
  • Germany takes sole responsibility for the war.
  • Forced to pay reparations: $33 Billion over 30 Years.

A Global Effort

CTA:

What does the following quote mean to you? Relate to WW I.

"I had seen nothing sacred, and the things that were glorious had no glory and the sacrifices were like the stockyards at Chicago if nothing was done with the meat except to bury it. There were many words that you could not stand to hear and finally only the names of places had dignity. Certain numbers were the same way and certain dates and these with the names of the places were all you could say and have them mean anything. Abstract words such as glory, honor, courage, or hallow were obscene beside the concrete names of villages, the numbers of roads, the names of rivers, the numbers of regiments and the dates."

--A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway

America Enters the War

  • Two Incidents:
  • Sinking of British passenger ship Lusitania (1915) with U.S. citizens and war supplies
  • Continued sinking of ships to aid Great Britain by Germany
  • Zimmerman Note--Told Mexico, Germany would help reconquer lands lost in 1848 if joined
  • U.S. joins England and Allies (4.2.1917)

1. We will be able to discuss the impact of the war on the home fronts.

2. We will be able to identify the immediate impacts of the war on nations around the world, particularly Europe.

3. We will be able to assess the lasting impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Europe and the rest of the world.

A Total Effort at Home

Total War

  • Countries devoted all their resources to the war effort
  • Governments controlled, the economy, regulated factories, unemployment decreases

Rationing

  • Citizens could buy only small amounts of items needed for the war effort
  • From butter to shoe leather

Unity at Home

  • Suppress antiwar activity and censored the media
  • Governments used propaganda
  • One-sided information designed to persuade, to keep up morale and support for the war

Women Find New Roles

  • Women work in factories, take new jobs, and work as nurses in the field

What are the messages of these three posters? Why were they created? Do we still use these types of messages?

CTA:

A. B. C.

BACK TO THE DRAWING BOARD!

CTA PART 2:

How should nations treat other nations after a war?

https://www.nfb.ca/film/the_trenches

A Global Conflict and Its End

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