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Sectionalism of the American North, South, and West (1800-1850)

Analyze the paths of the American people in the three regions of the United STates from 1800 to the mid-1800s and the challenges they faced as they became increasingly sectionalized.

Irish Potato Famine & Immigration

  • Many Irish immigrants came to the US during the Great Potato Famine in Ireland.
  • This dramatically changed the populations of larger northeast cities.

Reform Movements

2nd Great Awakening

Temperance

Prison Reform

Mental Health Reform

Education Reform

Women's Suffrage

Transcendentalism

Major authors include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Louis May Alcott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Confidence

Nonconformity

you should believe in yourself and your own power and abilities

society corrupts a person's inner goodwill and resisting will bring inner peace

Self-reliance

you should take pride in your own individuality and never be afraid to express your ideas

Importance of Nature

Free Thought

A strong connection with nature helps release the soul and live a successful life

you shouldn't base your opinions on authority or tradition

Groups Moving West

Trailblazers

Oregon Trail

Missionaries

Looking for land and a better life

Took a long time and was very dangerous

Disease and peril - Donner Party

2,000 mile journey

This was how many settlers moved West

Many people were drawn to the West to convert Native Americans and fur traders to Christianity

California Gold Rush

  • In 1848, John Sutter found gold near the American River.
  • Between 1848 and 1850, thousands of people came to California in search of gold - they became known as '49ers.
  • Although few found gold, their presence greatly increased the population and California sought to become a state in 1950.

Strong National Bank

He really wanted the same currency nation wide to be sure trade could happen freely.

Nationalism

Henry Clay's American System was really about trying to bring together the various economic interests of Americans to unite the country.

Manifest Destiny

This was a belief that it was God's intention for Americans to move West - it was our divine right.

Tax Foreigners

Internal Improvement

This was an attempt to force people to "buy local".

He wanted to build infrastructure (roads, canals, waterways, etc to tie the country together

King Cotton

More Cotton = More Slaves

While cotton was easy to produce it was not easy to refine

Most farmers grew other agricultural products

The invention of the Cotton Gin allowed it to be refined more efficiently and cotton became number one

Andrew Jackson

He won a contested election in 1828 so his presidency was somewhat controversial.

The legacy of his presidency is also controversial.

"Corrupt Bargain"

Indian Removal Act

Jackson supported this act that moved Native Americans living east of the Mississippi west of the river

Native Americans initially resisted, but federal troops forced them out.

1/4 of those on the journey died so it is known as the Trail of Tears

When Jackson ran the first time, he, Clay, and John Quincy Adams tied for the electoral vote.

The House decided and Clay threw his support behind Adams in exchange for a guarantee at VP.

Jackson and his supporters called this a corrupt bargain.

Spoils System

Jacksonian Democracy

Bank of the United States

He felt like anyone in power becomes complacent so he fired almost all government officials in Washington.

He gave prominent positions to his friends and supporters

"To the victor goes the spoils"

He was considered a "common person's" president

Compared to other presidents, he was "underprivledged" and was not a friend of the wealthy or elite

He was against a national bank (federal overreaching)

He put a supporter in charge of the bank and began moving money to private banks

Without money, the bank dissolved and was destroyed.

Nullification Crisis

James K Polk

South Carolina didn't like a law about taxes and passed a resolution that they didn't have to follow it.

This really left the question - how strong is our union?

Wilmot Proviso

"Dark Horse" nomination

David Wilmot an amendment to an appropriations bill that said none of the territory from Mexico could become slave states.

This further increased North-South tensions.

He is considered a "dark horse" nomination because he was only put forth from the Democrats because they couldn't agree on anyone else.

Annexation of Texas

Mexican-American War

Texas fought a war to gain independence from Mexico and they won.

Polk presided over Texas being added to the United States

  • The war started over a disagreement about the Texas border
  • Although it lasted only a little more than a year, many people were lost - especially Mexicans who had inferior weapons

Texas War of Independence

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