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NOT Mutually Exclusive

Does Free Will Exist?

Two big general questions always asked regarding animal behavior are:

Genetic determinants:

What role does particular genes have on behavior?

Example #1

Example #2

What is behavior?

Physiologial action carried out in response to stimuli

Developmental Process

Hormones can determine the pattern of behavior that develops and the timing of its expression

Imprinting

Survive

Ultimate causes:

Proximate causes:

Asking the question

Umbrella

Why?

How?

All behavior is fashioned from evolutionary pressures

Ethology - study of animal behavior

Sex

Physiological Mechanisms

Visual signals

Pheromones

Mechanosensory signals

Acoustic signals

Innate Behavior

Learned Behavior

neuron connection

Classical conditioning

Reflex behavior

Animal may associate one stimulus with another

a stimulus induces an automatic response

Kinesis

Habituation

Random movement of animal in which the rate of movement is related to the stimulus, but not its direction

Response to a stimulus wanes when it is repeated with no apparent effect

Nature

Nurture

vs.

Taxis

Operant conditioning

A movement in response to the direction of a stimulus. Positive taxis (towards) & negative taxis (away) from stimulus.

(trial and error learning)

an animal is rewarded or punished after chance behavior

Stereotyped behavior

(Fixed action patterns)

Occurs when the same response is given to the same stimulus on different occasions.

Cognition

The most complex form of learning - the process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, judgement, and problem solving.

Social behavior

Robert Sapolsky - Kin Selection & altruism

Bizarre Mating

Parasites

Parasites Control You

Sexual orientation

Geography

hormones

diet

Mate selection

Microbes

Bacteria can change your personality

stage in development

gene mutation

Climate

sleep

Sun exposure

Subconscious mind

Modeling

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