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By 100 A.D.- Buddhism spread from India to China.
Chinese struggled with new faith.
- Chinese tradition valued family loyalty, while Buddhism honored monks & nuns who gave up family life for life of solitary meditation
Became popular during times of crisis
Also, offered hope to eternal happiness & portrayed Buddha as compassionate, merciful god.
- Through prayer, good works, & devotion anyone could gain salvation
- By 400 AD- Buddhism spread throughout China and monasteries became important learning centers
Founder- Laozi- Old Master. Write The Way of Virtue- large influence on Chinese Life. Concerned with living in harmony with nature.
Focused on the Dao or "the way"
Rejected conflict, sought to end conflict between human desires & ways of nature
Saw government as cause of many problems
Eventually combined with Confucius' teachings. Confucianism showed people how to behave & Daoism influenced their way of viewing the world.
Confucius- born 551 B.C.- very smart scholar- wanted to be an adviser to a local ruler but never found permanent government position so he turned to teaching.
- As reputation for wisdom grew, he attracted many students
Like Buddha in India and Socrates in Greece, Confucius never wrote down ideas- after his death students collected his saying in Analects
Did not take interest in religion but developed a philosophy-system of ideas, that was concerned with worldly goals
- how to keep social order & good government
Confucius taught harmony came about when people accepted their place in society
He stressed 5 key relationships: father to son, elder brother to younger brother, husband to wife, ruler to subject, friend to friend
- Believed older people superior to younger ones & men superior to women
Everyone had duties & responsibilities. Believed correct behavior would bring order & stability to world
- Believed filial piety- respect for parents- above all other duties