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Nonverbal Communication

Chapter 6

Nonverbal Communication Defined

Messages expressed by nonlinguistic means

Learning Objectives

  • Define nonverbal communication
  • Describe the distinguishing characteristics of nonverbal communication

7 %

Spoken Words

  • Identify and offer examples of the various functions that nonverbal communication can serve
  • Describe how meaning is communicated through nonverbal cues

Nonverbal communication is always occuring

often unconscious

usually relational

inherently ambiguous

rooted in biology

Artifactual Communication

continuous

Nonverbal communication is primarily relational

Items that represent who we are

multichanneled

Clothing

  • economic status

nonverbal communication allows us to demonstrate relationships

clothing conveys many messages beyond ody shelter and utility

  • hugs/holding hands
  • education or career level
  • moral character
  • hobbies or interests
  • handshake
  • specific profession or trade
  • formal or informal greetings (head nod / wave)

38%

  • proximity

Voice, tone

Nonverbal communication is ambiguous

Vocalics / Paralanguage

Physical Attractiveness

"men and women who others view as attractive are rated as being more sensitive, kind, strong, sociable, and interesting..."

"Beauty" includes posture, gestures, facial expressions, behaviors, and language

describes the way a message is spoken

negative effects of beauty

  • perceived as intimidating
  • perception of difficulty to maintain relationships

"I cant tell you not to go"

the meaning behind nonverbal communicaiton attributed through each individuals unique perceptions

Looks arent everything

Rate

Tempo

Volume

Pitch

Tone

Accent

  • nonverbal communication is subjective

Kinesics

Haptics

Territoriality

  • desk space

"territory is a stationary area we claim"

  • favorite or assigned chair

The study of how people communicate through bodily movement

  • extra chair or bag
  • parking space

Nonverbal communication is influenced by culture

Chronemics

The study of touching

  • room in your home

The study of how humans use and structure time

the Clutterer

  • monochronic: emphasizes punctuality, schedules, & completing one task before the next

emblems - "culturally understood substitutes for verbal expression"

the Minimalist

  • polychronic: more flexible schedules & pursue multiple tasks at the same time

"interpersonal touch meets a primal human need"

  • thumbs up = "good job" in the U.S.
  • holding up one finger = youre #1 or just one second
  • shrug = uncertainty / "I dont know"

Proxemics

Touch can help improve self-disclosure persoanlly and in doctor - patient relationships

the study of how communication is affected by use, organization, and perception of space and distance

  • intimate distance
  • personal space

Nonverbal communication occurs in mediated messages

  • social space

Functions of nonverbal communication: creating and maintaining relationships

  • public space
  • emojis

electroninc messaging (email. texts, instant messages, snap filters, tik-tok) all include nonverbal comunication)

  • nonverbal communication in video chats
  • regulating interaction
  • timeliness of response
  • regulators - cues that help control verbal interaction
  • punctuation and word use
  • influencing others - deliberately or unintentionally using nonverbal behaviors to persuade others to satisfy our wants or needs

55%

Body Language

Posture

Amy Cuddy: You body language may shape who you are

Functions of nonverbal communication: concealing & deceiving

Managing Impressions

not all deception is self-erving or malicious

manner

  • we are accurate in detecting deception only half the time
  • refers to the way we stand, move, control facial expressions, and adjust our voices
  • we overestimate our abilities to detect others' lies
  • we have a strong tendency to judge others' messages as truthful

appearance

"liars often sustain more eye contact and fidget less"

  • involves the way we dress, accessorize, maintain cleanliness, scent, and grooming

setting

  • includes the physical items we surround ourselves with; cars, furnishings, accessories, utilities, etc.

Oculesics

studies how the eyes can communicate gaze, stare, watch, glare, or avoid eye contact

Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows

Gestures

Ernesto Sirolli: What to help someone? Shut up and listen!

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