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Fallacy: Neglect of a Common Cause

Confusing “After This” with “Because of This”

Fallacy: Confusion of Cause and Effect

Fallacy: Neglect of a Common Cause

-Two events may be related because of the

effects of a common third

The reasoning that event A must have caused event B

Fallacy: Post Hoc

Assuming that a particular event, B, is caused by another event, A, simply because B follows A in time.

Confusing with the cause with the effect of an event or failing to recognize that two events may be influencing each other.

Explaining Individual Events or Acts

Confusing Causation with Association

When you have to explain an act.

An example could be when someone steals something.

You may look at someone stealing initially as a result of their tendency to be immoral or a lack conscience, but you have to think about what if they were peer pressured or they are very poor.

In other words we must be a bit more open minded when it comes look at events or acts by people.

  • Tendency to see events that are associated or go together because they cause one another.
  • Association or correlation does not prove causation.
  • Example
  • The more TV you watch, the lower your grades will be.
  • X and Y are associated by some sort of factors.

Rival Causes for Differences between Groups

Evaluating Rival Causes

The more plausible the rival causes that you come up with, with less faith you

can have in the initial explanation offered, at least until further evidence has been considered.

  • Researchers find causes by comparing groups
  • They ask how groups differ from one another
  • What groups do differently

The Cause or A Cause

Rival Causes and Your Own Communication

Casual arguments are among the most difficult for writers to construct. You have to sift through a bunch

of possible causes, some that are legitimate and others that are falsely attractive.

Say after you prove that a relationship exists, you must demonstrate that the relationship moves in the direction you suggest.

Ex: A caused B, not B caused A, or C caused both A and B.

  • “Multiple contributor causes occur more often than do single causes in situations involving the characteristics or activities of humans.” (Browne P.131)
  • A single cause is more likely to be a contributor than the actual cause
  • Fallacy: Casual Oversimplification Explaining
  • We have an inherent tendency to “see” events that are associated, or that “go together”, as events that cause one another.

Exploring Potential Causes

Detecting Rival Causes

Locating rival causes is so much like being a good detective.

When you recognize situations which rival causes are possible, you want to ask yourself questions such as, :

  • Can I look at any other way to identity this evidence?
  • What else could have caused this?

  • When you’re in the writing process then its like any other argument.
  • You decide what interests you.
  • Once you decide on what issue you would like to do then brainstorm potential answers to the question.
  • Brainstorming may lead you to thinking of a cause that may have not crossed your mind yet.

Conclusion

The Pervasiveness of Rival Causes

Thank you

Detecting rival causes can help us to see the conclusions in...

  • Relationships
  • World Events
  • Research Studies

Are There Rival Causes?

Jesus Diaz

jesusjesuscre10182014@gmail.com

Anahi Dominguez

anahianahicre10182014@gmail.com

Works Cited

When To look for Rival Causes

Chapter 9

Browne, M. Neil, and Stuart M. Keeley. "Are There Rival Causes?." 

Asking the right questions: a guide to critical thinking. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. 127 - 139. Print.

  • When you believe that the author or speaker has evidence to prove or support a claim about an occurrence

Clues to Causal Thinking

  • Leads to…
  • Influences…
  • Is linked to…
  • Deters…
  • Has the effect of…

By: Jesus Diaz and Anahi Dominguez

Image Cited

Noedelhap. Vectorstock. “Person explaining something vector” Photograph.

Brown, Neal. Agloa. “Propaganda Quiz” Photograph

Gnccbronx. goodnewschristianchurch.wordpress. “Cause and Effect” Photograph.

http://evidencebasedliving.human.cornell.edu/

Weston, Jeffery. apenotmonkey. “logical fallacy post hoc” Photograph. 2011

imagerymajestic. Freedigitalphotos. “Attractive Model Watching Through Binocular Stock Photo” Photograph.

http://marcellusdrilling.com/

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