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Most distinct national music here, where folk songs pervaded everyday life, involving everyone from the carpenter to the laundry-maid.

MUSSORGSKY-RAVEL:

Pictures at an Exhibition

The nationalistic feelings were awakened during the upheavals of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars, when French armies invaded much of Europe.

The citizens' sense of national identity were aroused, during which common bonds of language, culture and history were heightened and the battles were fought by soldiers drawn from the general public.

Composers deliberately give their works a distinctive national identity.

sometimes symbolises nationalist yearnings and stirred audiences to violent political demonstrations.

MUSICAL

COMPOSITIONS

Patriotic feeling was intensified by romanticism, which glorified love for one's heritage.

THE

MOLDAU

Strongest impact of nationalism felt in countries where their musical heritage were being dominated by the music of..

..in Prague.

"The Great Gate of Kiev" by Victor Hartmann

to commemorate the attempted assassination of Tsar Alexander II in the city of Kiev in 1866.

PROGRAMME

MUSIC

..died at 39.

descriptive, suggesting visual images or 'telling a story'

Musical devices used to express the story or inspiration include:

musical motifs (or motives)

orchestral colour

- short melodic or rhythmic ideas used to represent characters or images

- use of instruments to represent characters or images

Orchestral Programme Music

harmony, dynamics, tempo and key

transformation of themes

e.g. birdsong or thunder

direct imitation of sounds

- basic theme undergoes changes to mirror a situation

There are three main types of orchestral programme music:

- the tone poem (or symphonic poem)

- the concert overture

- the programme symphony

IN ADDITION..

NATIONAL

TRADITION

}

tone colour

rhythm

texture

melody

Smetana,

Dvořák

dances

folk songs

ancient church modes

major or minor scales

irregular meter

changing time signatures

Mussorgsky,

Rimsky-Korsakov,

Borodin

Grieg (Norway),

Sibelius (Finland)

Mussorgsky's good friend

Fantastic Symphony

by Berlioz

- programme in great detail.

NATIONALISM

in Music

THE RUSSIAN FIVE

=

Poland, Russia, Bohemia, Scandinavian countries and Spain

produced important nationalist composers

of which groups or "schools" of composers declared their musical independence and established national styles.

SMETANA:

THE MOLDAU

( Vltava )

homage: classical piano suite,

Pictures at an Exhibition

}

operas & programme music:

inspired by history, legends and landscapes of their native lands.

{

original melodies with a folk flavour

Albéniz

Scottish and Italian symphonies

by Mendelssohn.

- title as a source of inspiration.

+

Balakirev,

César Cui

made popular by Ravel, who arranged for the work to be played by a symphonic orchestra.

Absolute Music

instrumental music that is free of a programme and exists purely for its own sake.

  • AIMED AT CREATING TRULY RUSSIAN MUSIC
  • CRITICISED EACH OTHER'S WORKS
  • INSISTED ON BREAKING FROM FROM TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUES
  • ALL, EXCEPT , BEGAN AS AMATEURS AND MOST HAD NON-MUSICAL JOBS

1

descriptive music always existed, orchestral programme music became very popular during the Romantic period when music developed close links with literature and painting.

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