Earth and Space

Earth's Structure

• The surface of the earth is in constant motion

• Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the sun
• 365.25 days (1 year) for the Earth to make one revolution
• To make up for the .25 extra day, an extra day is added to February every for years
• Leap Year
• The Earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical shape

Revolution

Getting to Know Earth

Seasons

• Seasons are caused by the Earth's 23.5* tilt on its axis
• Earth is tilted toward the sun in the Northern Hemisphere in the Summer
• Earth is tilted toward the sun in the Southern Hemisphere in the Summer
• Summer: When the North Pole is directed 23.5* toward the sun
• More direct rays of sun are present in the summer, result in warmer temperatures
• Longer periods of daylight and shorter nights
• Winter: When the North Pole is directed 23.5* away from the sun
• Days are shorter and longer nights
• Shorter days and less direct rays result in colder temperatures

• 70% of Earth's surface is water
• Oceans, lakes, and rivers make up what is called a hydrosphere
• 30% of the planet's surface is land, composing the lithosphere, earth's crust
• The air we breath is the apart of the
• All life that is supported by earth lives in the biosphere
• Land forms are natural features on the earth's surface
• Mount Everest, the Dead Sea, Mariana Trench

https://www.geoguessr.com/#more-maps

Solstice and Equinox

• Winter solstice is the first day of winter, December 21st or 22nd
• Shortest day of the year
• Sun is lowest in the sky
• Summer solstice the first day of summer, June 21st
• Longest day of the year
• Sun highest in the sky
• Equinox: Latin for equal night
• Vernal Equinox is the first day of spring, March 20th or 21st
• Day and night are equal length all over the world
• Autumnal Equinox, September 22nd or 23rd

Rotation

• Rotation is the Earth turning on its axis
• Responsible for day and night
• Earth rotates in a counter-clockwise direction
• 1 rotation= 24 hours
• Rotates at a speed of 1670 km/hr or 1035 mph
• Why don't we feel it? Newton' First Law of Motion (an object stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.)

Plate Movement

• Pangaea: The continents were once joined and drifted away beginning the continental drift
• Scientist believe that plate tectonics created many of earth's physical features
• Subduction: When a sea plate collides with a continental plate, thus forming mountains

Our Solar System

Weather Report

Students will collect information about the weather in a given city. You can compare from month to month and plot high and low temperatures over the course of a year. Which city has the warmest year-round weather? the coolest? Which city has the widest range of temperatures? Which city has weather most like the weather in your city?

The 5 Themes of Geography

• Location: The exact location of a place. Geographers use latitude and longitude lines to pinpoint absolute location
• Place: Where a location is in relation to places or things near it
• Human-Environment Interaction: How humans and the environment affect each other
• Movement: The study of movement of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another
• Regions: The basic unit of study in geography. A region is an area that has certain unifying characteristics such as climate, language, or history

Earth and Space