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Transcript

Symbolism in the Novel

- Hearth and the salamander: This is the title of the first part of the novel. A “hearth” is the place in front of a fire that creates warmth, and the “salamander” is known to be able to live in fire and is the sign of the firefighters. Both of these things have something to do with fire, which relates to what the novel is about.

- "Fahrenheit 451": This title is symbolic to the entire book because it is the temperature at which paper burns, which connects to the whole novel.

Hadeel Abu-Jazar

- The Sieve and the Sand: The childhood memory of trying to fill a sieve with sand comes back to Montag when he is trying to memorize the Bible. The sand symbolizes the knowledge from the books, and the sieve represents his mind trying to retain the knowledge. As much as he tries to fill the sieve with sand, he cannot.

- Mirrors: At the end of the novel, Granger proposes the idea of building a mirror factory when they are thinking about recreating the society into a better place. This shows symbolism because people need to take a deep look at themselves and who they really are, instead of listening to what society tells them they are.

Fahrenheit 451

Plot Diagram

Work Cited

Bradbury, Ray. Fahrenheit 451. New York: Ballantine Books, 1953.

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Climax

Montag Burns Beatty

Once the firemen reached the emergency, Montag was in complete shock. The emergency turned out to be at Montag’s house. His own wife and her friends reported him of having books hidden in his house. Beatty teased Montag and they saw Mildred run out of the house and into a taxi with her luggage, leaving Montag alone. After he was requested to burn his own house down, Faber told him to run, through the earpiece, but Montag replied aloud which meant Beatty overheard him speaking to someone. Montag entered his house and began burning. He comes back out to find everyone still standing there, and Beatty began to hit Montag until the earpiece fell out of his ear. Beatty picked it up and said that he would track down his friend (Faber) to punish him as well. Montag got so threatened that he turned the flamethrower on and aimed at Beatty. Montag burnt Beatty to ashes.

These two images represent when Montag was forced to burn his house down, and when he kills Beatty.

He goes back to work feeling confident, and sits down to play cards with the rest of the firemen. Beatty is very suspicious of him and begins to confuse him with lines of literature so that he convinces Montag that books are bad. Montag was beginning to become anxious, but there was an emergency. They started to head to the house of the emergency.

After Montag burnt Beatty, the Mechanical Hound attacked him. Montag killed it right in time before the Hound could injure Montag severely. Before it blew up into pieces, the Hound put a needle in Montag’s leg that made it numb. Montag walked away from the scene, limping.

When he began to walk, he remembered the pile of books he hid in a bush earlier. He went back to the bush and found four of them left. He took them with him and ran far away. He saw all of the helicopters above searching for him. He entered a gas station and overheard that a war is beginning.

Montag goes back home to find Mildred and all of her friends watching television. Even though he is angry about how all of them are just sitting around watching useless shows, he still makes conversation. After that, he could not control himself and went to get a book of poetry. He read it aloud to the women, and one of them cried. They all got upset and left. He did not see Mildred again.

As Montag felt very guilty for his actions, he continued to run away and reached a point where he had to cross a highway. As he crossed, he almost got hit by a car full of children. He remembered Clarisse, and wondered if that was the car that hit her. This thought made him very upset, and the car was heading back for him. He ran away as far as he could and eventually lost them.

Falling Action

After trying to read all of these books thoroughly, he realizes that he cannot understand anything. He needs someone to help him understand, and remembers an old English professor that he met, Faber. He finds him after a long trip on the subway. Once he meets Faber, he jokingly proposes the idea of putting books in all of the firemen’s houses so that they can burn themselves and there will be no further burning. Montag does not take this as a joke and is confident in successfully pursuing this plan. Faber gives Montag a small earpiece that they can communicate through.

He ran until he reached a co-worker’s home, still committed to the plan between him and Faber. He put one of the books he took from the bush in the house of the fireman and called to announce an emergency on that house.

He is very unhappy about what Beatty had just tried to convince him into believing. He then showed Mildred all the books he had been hiding. She is very frightened because of what Beatty had just warned him about, but Montag insisted that they should read the books. She eventually lost interest, and Montag is left alone trying to understand all of the books.

After he put the book in another fireman’s house, he kept walking until he reached Faber’s house. Faber advised him to go to a river where he would meet some people who previously had the experience of seeing books. They both found out that a new Mechanical Hound was let out to find Montag. He leaves in hope of not being caught by the Hound.

Rising Action

Once he got away from the Hound, he went to the river, as Faber told him to, and thought about different things including Mildred, Clarisse, and burning. He finally reached land.

The next morning he asked his wife to call in sick for him that day, and even asked her if he can quit his job. He thinks he shouldn't burn books because they are important in society. Since Montag did not show up to work, the head fireman, Beatty, went to his house and spoke to him about how this job all started. He says that everything was shortened so that people will find things simpler which will make them happy. Since everyone can read now, minorities (such as different races) can get offended by books which leads to controversy, and they eventually got rid of them. He leaves Montag with a warning to burn all of the books that he might have.

Montag’s name was called out by the former intellectuals. He went inside their house and had some coffee. He was introduced to the group’s leader, Granger. The men gave him something that will eliminate his smell, to stop the Hound from chasing him. After this, they all introduced each other.

That night, he went to sleep with the thought of the woman that just burnt herself. He woke up in the middle of the night and decided to speak to Mildred, asking if she had seen Clarisse anytime soon. Mildred told him that she died in a vehicle accident. He felt many different emotions including sadness, anger, and confusion.

After they ate, they went outside for a walk. Once they saw the city, everything was destroyed from an explosion that occurred. They were not upset, but were quite glad to see the city like this, as they can completely rebuild their own society, with books. Granger immediately suggested that they should build a mirror factory so that people can take a deeper look at themselves. All of them were thinking about what inspiration from books they are going to use to accomplish rebuilding the city. Montag finally decided to take a passage from the bible "And on either side of the river was there a tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; And the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations" (158).

Conclusion

Montag told them that he has a copy of the Bible, and Granger tells him all about how there are many people like them wanting to bring books back. They also share some life stories about themselves, as well as the books that they wrote. After they finished talking, they cooked a meal and ate all together.

The Hound is introduced to the novel. The Hound is a mechanical dog that the firemen keep around in case of an emergency. This part of the novel is very significant because it shows an important change in Montag’s choice of actions and how he thinks of his society. Him and the rest of the firemen get called to an emergency where a woman had books hidden in her attic. She begins to speak unusually, and Montag burns some books. As soon as he read one line of a book that had been opened, he hid it in his jacket to take home. The woman believed so strongly in staying with her books that she burned herself with them as well. All the firemen were shocked, especially Montag.

Conflict

Man vs. Self (Internal)

Man vs. Society (External)

The second conflict is man versus self, representing Montag versus himself internally. Montag’s job as a fireman interferes with the fact that he thinks that he should not burn books. He thinks that they hold valuable information, but his job is to burn them which causes immense conflict.

One conflict present in this novel is external, as it is between man and society. The “man” is Montag, and he is having conflict with this unusual society. When Clarisse introduces him to the fact that books might be important in life, he cannot accept that his society does not allow books in the community. This causes conflicts between the strict society that he lives in, and Montag’s thoughts on what the society should have.

As he was thinking about Clarisse, he entered his dark bedroom and found his wife, Mildred, laying on the bed. She looked very sick and he saw her sleeping pills bottle empty on the ground, because she was attempting to commit suicide. He immediately called for help, and two men came to the emergency. However, they were not your average doctors, but they were discourteous to Montag and Mildred, who was slowly dying. His wife finally woke up the next morning, and did not remember anything that had happened to her the night prior.

Background Information

In Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag is living in a society where people spend their time listening to music and watching television shows, with absolutely no books. This community believes that keeping books non-existent will result in happier and more enjoyable lives, which is just what a society needs. However, Montag begins to ponder about his lifestyle in this unusual community, as he continues to burn books that hold important information.

Characters Introduced

Setting

Fahrenheit 451 is displayed in a futuristic society that is also dystopian based on the mindsets of citizens in that period of time. The mindsets of people include only listening to what society tells them about themselves without looking at who they really are, which can be unpleasant. It takes place in America because of references that Bradbury made throughout his novel. Also, Bradbury shows that it is taken in a time after two atomic wars since 1990, which signifies that it takes place somewhere after that year.

Guy Montag...

The first character introduced in Fahrenheit 451 is Guy Montag, a 30-year-old man that lives as a trusted fireman in this society to protect his community from having books. Instead of preventing fires, he starts them to burn books that may harm citizens of the community because the content in books may make them unhappy. In the novel, he is the main character, which ultimately means that he is also the protagonist. Montag is intelligent, and also shows courage throughout the novel.

Clarisse McClellan…

Clarisse is the friendly 17-year-old neighbour of Montag who is always curious about different aspects of life such as dandelions and the weather. She strolls near her house everyday and passes by Montag as well. She is used in the novel to change Montag’s perception of his own life in this dystopian community. Her words made him contemplate if he is actually happy with his life in this unpleasant society or not.

Mildred Montag…

Mildred's role in Fahrenheit 451 is the bitter wife of Montag. She is shown as a regular citizen of this unusual society because of the way she always listens to music and her love for television shows. She is described as having “hair burnt by chemicals to a brittle straw, her eyes with a kind of cataract unseen but suspect far behind the pupils, the reddened pouting lips, the body as thin as a praying mantis from dieting, and her flesh like white bacon” (45). The way Montag described how his wife looks displays the unnatural and artificial beauty that she and other women have in this society, and is almost as if she is forced to look this way because the community told her to.

Exposition

After a day of working at the Fire Station, Montag walked home. However, before reaching his house, he is stopped by Clarisse McClellan. She decided to talk to Montag, and as they were walking, she asked him a question that seemed like just a few words, but was the beginning of a big change for him. She asked him if he was happy, and this was the start of the thoughts that ran through Montag's mind about if he is actually happy, or if it was just because society told him he was. He could not stop thinking about her as well because she is different than others and stands out to him.

Themes

Censorship: Censorship in Fahrenheit 451 is found to be the most significant theme in the novel. The fact that books were banned from this society in general is the most important type of censorship shown. Also, the censorship in communicating normally with each other is prevalent as well. Clarisse’s family likes to talk to each other a lot. However, since her family is looked upon as peculiar, others do not talk much and people are starting to ignore communication completely. Furthermore, in school the children get put in school early so that they do not turn out any different than others. They teach them the censorship of many things, specifically books.

Identity: Identity in this dystopian city is based on what society wants. People do not get to have their own identity because society tells them that they are happy and that they should look a certain way. For instance, Mildred is described as having artificial beauty. This means that all women in the city look this way, and Montag says that he looks the exact same as all of the other firemen. This shows that there is no one that has their own identity because they all look similar.

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