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Basic Overview

Born: September 04, 973 in Kath, Uzbekistan

Died: c. 1050 in Ghazni,

Afghanistan

Occupation: Scholar

Multiple advancements

and developments to the fields of Astronomy, History and Politics among others. He is responsible for more than 100 literary works.

He is also known for being the leader of the court at Jurjaniya for a period of time.

Webster's dictionary defines a golden age to be: "a period of great happiness, prosperity, and achievement".

ACHIEVEMENTS to reach PROSPERITY

Al-Biruni and his 146 different masterpieces provide countless advantages not only to his own culture, but even to us more than a thousand years later. His developments in different technologies, and geo-historical recordings of a certain location, are crucial for our understanding.

Info Sources:

  • Schlager, Neil, and Josh Lauer. "Al-Biruni." Gale Biography in Context. February 1, 2001. http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=BIC1&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Reference&limiter=&currPage=&disableHighlighting=false&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CK2643410312
  • Webster, Merriam. "Golden AgeAbout Our Definitions: All Forms of a Word (noun, Verb, Etc.) Are Now Displayed on One Page." Merriam-Webster. Accessed January 22, 2013. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/golden%20age.
  • "Ab Rayn Al-Brn." January 22, 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Ray%E1%B8%A5%C4%81n_al-B%C4%ABr%C5%ABn%C4%AB.

Image Sources:

  • http://metaexistence.org/images/BIRUNI.JPG
  • http://faculty.mercer.edu/glance_jc/web_images/scholar_image.jpg
  • http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/different_phases_of_the_moon.JPG
  • http://www.oocities.org/tajikland/Khiva/Khiva-old-town.jpg
  • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xpLiVoz2fAE/UKAldDVzGDI/AAAAAAAAAG4/xGRbQ3a3ahE/s1600/solar-eclipse.jpg
  • http://www.scienceclarified.com/scitech/images/lsem_0001_0001_0_img0009.jpg
  • http://www.robinsdocksideshop.com/Telescope_M12.jpg
  • http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/159_Abul-Wefa.jpg
  • http://sara.theellisschool.org/worldciv/museum2008/kaileym/images/220px-Biruni-russian_ms.jpg
  • http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-3n7sqgC_Lok/Ta5wyrHjrrI/AAAAAAAAAMM/CNIT_x_E8g8/s640/idea_lightbulb_cartoon2.jpeg
  • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Investiture_of_Ali_Edinburgh_codex.jpg
  • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/AzerbazkanBiruni.JPG

Connections:

  • Al-Biruni -- Avicenna

Avicenna, and al-Biruni disagreed one a few topics. One of them is the debate on Aristotelian philosophy.

Avicenna and al-Biruni engaged in a written debate. The latter one criticized Aristotelian natural philosophy and the Peripatetic school. Avicenna and his student wrote back their response. They asked 18 questions to each other.

Among his most famous works are:

  • The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries
  • The Kitab al-Tafhim
  • The Mas'udi Canon
  • History of Khawarazm
  • Understanding Astrology
  • On Shadows
  • On Chords

Relevant Discovery:

By 997 CE, al-Biruni and his friend Abu al-Wafa were able to "determine the longitudinal difference" between the Kath and Baghdad. This is a magnificent example of extremely precise longitudinal calculations made with extremely scarce technology, and difficulties in communication. One in each city, they both observed the same eclipse and by comparing the time variations between their measurements, the two scientists were able to determine the difference between both cities.

He was also made famous in his way to handle political matters, and his efforts to understand them.

Divisions of Iran

On the other hand, for the Islamic Golden Age itself, he introduced many ideas to his city. He traveled a lot to India, and brought back copious amounts of fresh ideas, which helped the city strive.

What exactly is a Golden Age?

Life:

Born near Kath, al-Biruni studied astronomy and mathematics from the family who ruled the region at that time. In 995 the ruler of Jurjaniya invaded Kath, making al-Biruni flee to Rayy. He discussed eclipses and other phenomena with local astronomers. He then traveled extensively in Muslim Central Asia, to create "Chronology" in 1000 CE (a very complete source on Iranian calendars and local history).

Just 4 years later he would see himself ruling Jurjaniya. The same childhood trauma repeated, and his town was invaded and he himself was kidnapped. Captured and kept in Kabul, he exploited his free time, and he created and published multiple masterpieces.

Why is al-Biruni relevant at all?

Ingres.

"The Golden Age"

Religion vs. al-Biruni

(Is He?)

Biruni is a very important Muslim authority on the history of religion.

comparative religion

He studied many religions including:

Zoroastrianism

Judaism

Hinduism

Christianity

Buddhism

Islam.

Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī

(al-Biruni)

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