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Synchronous and Asynchronous sound
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Synchronous sound:
Synchronous sound can be recorded on a tape or magnetic film. However if it's recorded on a magnetic film then the synchronisation between the picture and sound has to be precise in order to match both at the same speed. e.g An actors lips have to be moving at the same speed as the sound effect to make it look realistic and synchronized.
Definition: Synchronous sound is sound that is matched to certain movements occurring in the scene e.g when footsteps correspond to feet walking.
This is an example of precise synchronisation where the actors lips match the speed of the sound.
Synchronous and Asynchronous
sounds
Asynchronous sounds
Asynchronous sounds:
Definition: Asynchronous sounds match the action being performed however is not precisely synchronised with the action.
Asynchronous sound is used when the director wants to create tension as the viewer can hear a sound but can not see its source.
Sometimes the audience can't hear the sound that the character inside the film can hear. Then the camera pans or tracks to capture a clear shot of the source of the sound making it clear to the audience what it is. This makes the viewer curious to what it is the character is hearing and starts to make him/her expect different things.
Here is an example of asynchronous sound. The sound being heard is of a train however what can be seen is a women screaming.