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Ornstein Hunkins Chap 2
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Ornstein Hunkins Chap 2
Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum
Which philosophical orientation is likely to influence the curriculum field in the future?
There is no one philosophy that will influence all curriculum in the future. No matter whether it is a single philosophy or a combination, what matters most is that a school's approach to curriculum be politically and economically feasible while serving the needs of the students and society (51).
In what ways are reconstructionists both realistic and idealistic? Mainstream or radical?
Can schools promote equality and excellence at the same time?
They are realistic in they want to cultivate a rational person. They are idealistic in that they also want citizen who will do the right thing. They are mainstream in that they are concerned with contemporary issues. They are radical in that learning is student-centered. (44-50)
Some fear that higher academic excellence will leave lower-performing students behind. Acknowledging that this can happen, schools try to consider different strategies to promote equality while promoting excellence. (38-43)
In terms of knowledge and values, what are the differences among idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism?
- Idealism claims that the highest aim is the search for truth and enduring values. Idealist consider the classics ideal subject matter because they convey enduring moral truths.
- Realism stresses that the universe is ordered and follows the laws of nature. Realists are more concerned with the "three r's" (reading, writing, arithmetic)
- Pragmatism constues knowledge as a process in which reality constantly changes. Learning occurs through problem-solving.
- Existentialism stresses individualism and personal self-fulfillment. Existentialists advocate that students be free to choose how and what they study. (31-33)
In what way is philosophy the main curriculum source?
How does philosophy influence curriculum workers?
Philosophy can serve as a starting point in curriculum development. It can also be the general theory of education that provides the framework for schools. (30)
It gives clarity and direction to the curriculum worker. 29-30)