Chapter 15: The Muslim Empires

A. Moguls brought

together Persian &

Indian styles

B. Taj Mahal

1. built by Shah Jahan for his

wife's memory Mumtaz

Mahal

2. 20,000 workers 20 yrs. to build

3. drove most Indian peasants to

poverty

I. Ming Dynasty

A. Mongol Dynasty in China

was overthrown in 1368

I. Rise & Expansion of

the Ottoman Empire

C. "Akbar style"- combined Persian

w/ Indian motifs

D. Mogul emperors were

dedicated patrons of the

arts

on the battlefield; women

also gave political advice

A. In the late 13th century, a new group

of Turks under their leader Osman

began to build power in the nw corner

of Anatolia Peninsula

C. women from aristocratic families

received salaries & were allowed to

own land & take part in business

activities

B. The founder of the new dynasty

took the title of Ming Hong Wu

(the Ming Martial Emperor)

B. Osman Turks were peaceful & engaged in

pastoral activities

III. British in India

F. W. Asia & Africa

A. The arrival of the British quickened

the decline of the Moguls

D. Moguls placed certain restrictions on

women under their interpretations of

Islamic law ex. isolation

E. suttee continued despite efforts to abolish

it.

F. child marriage also remained

common

1. rebuilt capital at Constantinople

(Istanbul)

C. Seljuk Empire began to decline & Osman

Turks began to expand.

D. Over next 300 yrs., Ottoman rule expanded to

include large areas of W. Asia as well as N. Africa

E. The Fall of Constantinople

1. Mehmet II seiged Constantinople using

cannons

2. 3 mos. to take the city

3. Mehmet II felt regret.

B. Sir Clive kept the French at bay; FR

restricted to Pondicherry & some smaller

territories

2. b/w 1514 & 1517 Sultan Selim I took

control of Mesopotamia, Egypt, & Arabia

V. Mogul Culture

C. Under Ming dynasty rulers,

China took over Mongolia,

central Asia, & Vietnam

D. Ming rulers ran an effective

gov, set up a nationwide

school system, introduced

new crops

C. Indian commanders preferred to harass

& ambush the British in modern-day

guerrilla style warfare

IV. Society & Daily Life in Mogul India

3. Selim I 1st controlled several of the holy

cities of Islam- Jerusalem, Makkah, &

Madinah

4. declared himself the new caliph (defender

of the faith & successor to Muhammad)

5. preferred to administer their territories

through local rulers

6. central government appointed

pashas to collect taxes, maintain

law, & order

A. Moguls were foreigners in

India

B. Women in Mogul

society fought

B. fell under the influence of

his Persian-born wife Nur

C. Nur arranged the marriage of her

niece to her husband's third son

Chapter 15: The

Muslim Empires

Chapter 16: The East Asian World

D. Shah Jahan

1. inherited an empty treasury

2. had to raise taxes to complete his building

projects

3. became ill; sons fought for control

4. Aurangzeb killed his brother & imprisoned his

father

G. Europe

provide for family

1. Under Suleyman I the

Ottoman Turks took Belgrade,

Hungary, Austria

E. Yong Le became

emperor after Hong Wu.

E. Aurangzeb

1. forbade suttee

2. & levying of illegal taxes

3. tried to forbid gambling & drinking as well

4. was not religiously tolerant

5. no new Hindu temples

6. forced conversion

2. 1683, marched on Vienna; stopped by

an army of Europeans

member's needs, including

the education, support of unwed daughters, & care for the elderly.

3. would never again be a threat to central

Europe.

II. Nature of Ottoman Rule

1. 4-yr. campaign to defeat

the rightful heir

2. built large monuments,

strengthened the Great

Wall, & restored Chinese

rule over Vietnam

3. built the Imperial City in

Beijing

4. 1421 he moved the capital

from Nanking to Beijing

A. "gunpowder empire"- success based on

the mastery of technology

B. sultan was the supreme authority

in both political & military sense

C. harem- "sacred place";

5. lower-ranking

officials were Hindus

6. zamindars were given a plot of

land & allowed to keep a portion

of the taxes they collected

C. Role of Women

1. women were inferior

2. only males educated

3. women could not divorce

their husbands or inherit

property

4. footbinding

7. India successful in foreign trade.

8. traded textiles, tropical food

products, spices, & precious

stones

F. Voyages of Zheng He

1. Yong Le sent a series of naval

voyages into the Indian

Ocean

private residence of the sultan

II. Decline of the Moguls

A. Akbar died in 1605; son

Jahangir takes over

D. sultan often chose his favorite 4

wives

E. when a son became sultan, his mother

became the queen mother

F. sultan controlled his bureaucracy through

an imperial council & grand vizier

G. empire divided into provinces & districts

each governed by officials

2. 28,000 men on 62

ships

3. brought giraffes

from Africa

III. Ottoman Society

I. The Mogul Dynasty

I. Economic Changes

A. founder of the Mogul Dynasty

was Babur

Section 1: The Ottoman Empire

A. Ottomans generally tolerant of

non-Muslims.

B. non-Muslims paid a tax

A. 1500-1800 85% of the

population were small farmers

G. 1st contacts w/ the west

B. father was descended from Timur Lenk

& mother was descended from Genghis

Khan

1. 1514 the Portuguese arrive

2. exchanged ideas

B. population increased from 80 million

in 1390 to 300 million in 1700.

C. non-Muslims allowed

to practice to their own

religion

D. ruling class @ the top of society

C. conquered Northern India' died at 47

D. The Reign of Akbar

1. came to the throne at 14

2. extended Mogul rule over most of

India

3. practiced religious tolerance

4. filled upper levels of gov.

with non-Muslims

H. Ming Dynasty declined b/c of weak

rulers, declining crop yields, & health

epidemic

C. higher yield type of rice increased food

supply

E. 4 main classes- peasants, artisans,

merchants, & pastoral peoples

Section 1: China at Its Height

II. The Qing Dynasty

F. women allowed to own & inherit

property, could not be forced to marry, &

permitted to divorce.

Chapter 15: The Muslim Empires

D. more people less land

E. negative attitude towards manufacturing

F. Gov. placed heavy taxes on manufacturing

Suleyman the Magnificient

A. ruled from 1644 to 1911

B. maintained the Ming

political system

G. Some women permitted to serve as

senior officials

B. Suleyman had his 2 oldest

sons killed for treason

II. Daily Life

IV. Problems in the Ottoman Empire

C. after Suleyman's death, sultan's

became less involved in government

affairs.

A. OE reached its height

under

A. still an emphasis on family

relationships based on Confucian

ideals

Section 3: The Grandeur of the Moguls

D. training of officials declined

E. positions given to sons & daughters

of elites

F. local officials grew corrupt, & taxes

rose

G. constant wars depleted the

treasury

H. corruption grew

C. Westerners in China

B. family was expected

to

Chapter 16: The East

Asian World

1. corrupt officials & higher

taxes lead to unrest in rural

areas

2. growing pressure on land

resources due to population

growth led to economic

hardship

3. strict trade policies confined

Europeans to a small island

D. White Lotus Rebellion

1. 1796-1804

2. revolt by unhappy peasants

3. revolt suppressed; strained the treasury

Section 2: Chinese Society & Culture