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Leapord Seals also eat sea birds, small seals, cephalopods, fish, and krill
4th Trophic Level
3rd Trophic Level
A Abiotic Factor is a factor of non-living things such as rocks , dirt and air.
Four abiotic factors that affect penguins:
1. Heat can kill penguins.
2. Sun, penguins do not like the sun so they go for a swim.
3. Global warming , they can not survive unless it is VERYY cold.
4. The need to move because of natural habitat destruction is causing the penguins to face their predators while moving out of their homes
The temperature is around -30 deg C at the beginning of the year. During the middle of the year the temperatures drops down to approximately -60 deg C. At the end of the year, the temperature rises back up to -30 deg C. When it is dark the temperature is stable, but when the sun rises the temperature grows rapidly. There is little to no precipitation present in the area in which the emperor penguin lives in.
A penguins habitat is in cold seas around Antarctica.
They are at home on an iceberg.
Penguins are also at home in the ocean. Penguin's habitat is limited to the Antarctic and surrounding sea. Antarctica has very severe winters that are below freezing. The land is surprisingly dry, and is considered a desert although it's made of ice. This is placed in the Southern extreme of the planet, otherwise recognized as the South pole. The habitat is separated by the Transantarctic Mountain range. This is the driest, coldest, highest, and windiest place of all the continents, and is covered by 98% ice.
Other organisms in this habitat are seals, sea birds, mosses, and many other algae species.
2nd Trophic Level
1st Trophic Level
Southern
Giant
Petrels
Leopard Seals
Antarctic Skuas
Orcas
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Carnivore
Mushrooms
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Carnivore
Hetrotroph/Decomposer
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Carnivore
Four ways that humans impact the penguin environment are
1) Overfishing of penguin food means less food for the penguins
2) Too many people go to their habitat and cause them too much stress which can harm reproduction
3) Oil spills result in the penguins consuming oil which can kill them
- Additionally the oil sticks to their wings
4) Global Warming caused by humans on an everyday basis causes the destruction of the habitat for these animals
To prevent many of these negative consequences from taking place we can ensure tighter restrictions on our daily uses of items which release carbon emissions as well as enforce restrictions about hunting.
Fish
Glacial &
Hooked Squids
Antarctic Krill
(mainly antarctic
silverfish)
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Herbivore
Mullusks
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Herbivore
Crustaceans
Phytoplankton
Copepod
Consumer/Hetrotroph/Herbivore
Plant
Remains
Ice Algae
Producer/Autotroph
Amphipods
Producer/Autotroph
Scraps
Producer/Autotroph
Plankton
Producer/Autotroph
Bacteria
Producer/Autotroph