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D: Doughboys

E: Espionage Act of 1917

The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I.

American Doughboys (soldiers) arrive in Europe in 1917

  • There was nearly 2 million soldiers

Z- Zimmerman Telegram

Y: Yellow Mustard Gas

The Zimmerman Telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January, 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States' entering World War I against Germany.

H: Hand Grenades

I: Infantry

Soldiers who fought on foot took many casualties from machine gun fire, poison gas and poor and out-of-date tactics. They suffered trench warfare.

chemical-warfare gas, blistering the skin and damaging the lungs, often causing blindness and death: introduced by the Germans in World War I.

F: Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson attended peace conference at Palace of Versailles in France

  • This set out a blueprint for lasting peace in Europe
  • Presents plan known as Fourteen Points

–Most important point was formation of League of Nations to prevent future wars

–League of Nations never included USA

  • Most popular and effective way to attack trenches

  • Grenadiers: men tasked with the bombing of trenches using grenades of various types

V: Vitorio Orlando

U: U Boats

Vitorio Orlando was the leader of Italy while they were in the triple alliance. The Triple Alliance was made up of Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy.

W: Women in the Military

X: Xenophobia

–First war in which women officially served in armed forces

–Performed mostly electrical duties

–Other duties included radio operators and nurses

–Army Nursing Corps numbered more than 20,000

definition- a disliking of other people from other countries

G: German Plan Fails

U- boatssank ships in the waters near Britain.

–Warships

–Merchant ships

–Passenger ships

•Germany had long planned for this war

•Immediately they attempt a massive invasion of France

  • Germany crosses into Belgium to encircle France
  • Great Britain’s alliance with Belgium causes them to declare war on Germany

•Triple Entente become Allies

•Triple Alliance become the Central Powers

Germany suffers in this war.

T: Tanks

A: Artillery

  • In 1916 tanks were first introduced into battle
  • They were used to cross terrain damaged by artillery, trenches, and barbed wire

Losses due to artillery fire accounted for 67% of total casualties

  • “Big Bertha” was the most powerful cannon ever developed
  • German scientists developed the biggest artillery ever known which reached distances of 120 kilometers

J: John “Blackjack” Pershing

John Pershing led the American Forces into battle.

L: Liberty Bonds

N: No Mans Land

–Raised millions of dollars

–Bond that has value with interests

–redeem after war for the higher value

–Four-minute men sang, spoke, and sold bonds at public places (movies, vaudeville, churches)

K: Kaiser Wilhelm

B: Barbed Wire

C: Communication

Kaiser Wilhelm was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia. He was charged with war crimes

Radios and telephones were the main ways of communication

  • Messengers, dogs, and pigeons were also used during World War I

The stretch of land between the front line trenches was dangerous. No Man's Land contained miles of barbed wire, hundreds of corpses, and land mines.

wire with sharp spikes along it, used to make fences or in warfare as an obstruction.

  • Set up in no mans land
  • Use of “entanglement wire” or “war wire” peaked during World War I

O: Ostend

M: Machine Guns

Belgium port; the northern most extent of trenches. A target for the Allies to stop German U boat activities.

R: Russian Revolution

Q: Q Ships

Disguised British armed naval vessels that looked like an unarmed schooner and sailed in waters known to contain German U boats. They tried to catch U boats on the surface.

Automatic weapons that allowed handful of men to exert fire that previously had needed hundreds of soldiers

P: Poison Gases

–Possibly the most feared of all weapons in World War I

–Phosgene, chlorine, and mustard gases were used

–Could cause blindness, respiratory failure, and death

•1917 revolution overthrew Czar Nicholas II, leader of Russian Empire

  • Bolsheviks (Communists) led by Vladimir Lenin come to power
  • Russia pulls out of war and signs treaty with Germany

  • Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union in 1922

S: Submarines

New technological development. Positives to the new device :

•Underwater wireless communication

•Gyro compass

•Torpedo improvements

WWI alphabet project

By Allee Moro

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