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Peaceful Resolution of Disputes

Terrorism

SECURITY GUARANTEES

A common motive of acquiring nuclear weapons is protection from potential attacks, one non-proliferation strategy involves guarantees of security. the two types are:

Negative

  • Require parties " not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons"

Positive

  • Guarantee that members of the treaty will provide immediate assistance to any state party of the treaty that is the victim of an act or threat of agression in which nuclear weapons are used.

WEAPONS IN TERRORIST HANDS

Peacekeeping

There is concern about the proliferation of the nuclear weapons among non-governmenta groups such as terrorist, criminal gangs, and rebel movements.

1991

  • U.S and Russia established the Cooperative Threat Reduction program to secure and destroy Russia's nuclear weapons

1980

  • Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Maternal is aimed at preventing the theft of Nuclear Material.

Peacekeeping laws have faced a number of challenges. These changes have evolved from observation to more active roles characterized by peace making and nation building.

War's Aftermath

TRANSFER LIMITATIONS

NUCLEAR FREE ZONE

This is a form of prohibiting the transfer of nuclear technology between countries, this is another form of arms control.

In 1996 the WASSENAAR AGREEMENT was signed

  • it stated that each member country has the responsibility to ensure its exports do not contribute to arms proliferation.

The Geneva Conventions

There is a total of four Geneva Conventions

These zones are located in Latin America, the Caribbean, the South Pacific, South East Asia, Africa and Antarctica.

MISSILE DEFENCE SYSTEMS

METHODS AND STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION AND RESOLUTION

Their aim was to limit the impact of war and minimize the damage for civilians.

Missile testing by North Korea, India and Pakistan have revived the interest of some countries in anti- ballistic Missile (ABM) defense systems.

The U.S is also developing plans for a defense system using weapons based in space

1967- The Moon Agreement

  • It prohibits nuclear weapons in space but is unclear about the use of other types of weapons

Arms control initiatives

Chemical and Biological Weapons

  • The Treaty on the Non-Profileration of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) was a landmark instrument used to prevent the spread pf nuclear weapons and technology.
  • The five members of the NPTwere: China, France, Russia and the U.S.
  • They were allowed to keep their weapons provided that they agreed to work towards destroying them. * Picture of Arms Control Intiaitives

After WW1 the adoption of the protocol for the prohibition of the use in war of Asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases and of bacteriological methods of War Far (1925), commonly referred to as the Geneva Protocol.

WAR TIME AND PEACE

Video about the violation of the Geneva Protocol

WARTIME LAW

TEST BANS

During times of war the dynamics of law change to accommodate the change in the country. However, in modern times, the law is not silent but characterized by unique traditional principles and sets out what is permissible and what is not during times of war.

The rules are continually changing to accommodate technological developments, ex. the tank, atom bombs, nuclear weapons and the experience of major conflicts, ex. the two world wars.

Times Of War

Comprehensive Nuclear test ban treaty

  • if it comes into force it will ban all nuclear explosions for military or civilian purposes.
  • the band makes it difficult to design/test how generations of nuclear weapons.

Fun Pop Section 1

  • Give an example of a piece of domestic legislation put ion place ?
  • What does the security council resolution 1373 concentrate on?

The international community has responded to terrorist threats through a variety of measure such as

  • Putting a legal responses comprised of domestic legislation in place. For example Canada's Anti-Terrorism Act.
  • international organizations and resolutions
  • A series of treaties to deal with the problems

SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

1373

NO ARMS

They concentrated on :

  • Preventing and suspending financial terrorist acts
  • They required states to refrain from providing any form of support to terrorist entities.

MILITARY CONFLICT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION

chapter 19

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