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Big Ideas Presentation: Aristotle

From Nicomachean Ethics, Book I

"But our statement of the case will be adequate if it be made with all such cleanliness as the matter admits, for it would be wrong to expect the same degree of accuracy in all reasoning just as it would with respect to the products of the various crafts."

Division of the Sciences

1) Theoretical

a) Physics (the study of things the move)

i) Astronomy

ii) Biology

iii) Physics

b) Mathematics (The study of things as quantity and size)

i) Arithmetic

ii) Geometry

c) First Philosophy (Metaphysics) (The study of being as such)

2) The Practical

a) Individual behavior

b) Group behavior

i) Politics

ii) Family

3) The Productive

a) Beautiful Objects

i) Art

ii) Dance

iii) Sculpture

iv) Music

b) Useful Objects

i) Architecture

ii) Medicine

iii) Rhetoric

Methods of Inquiry

  • Manner in which emotions are expressed determines weather it is good or bad.
  • Dispensing emotions well leads to happiness, dispensing them poorly leads to unhappiness.
  • The level in which a behavior is enacted determines its virtue. The mean (average) level achieves happiness.
  • From W. D. Ross;
  • Confidence - Excess leads to rashness, defect leads to cowardice, mean is courage.
  • Cannot get accuracy in individual behavior that is the same as in mathematics.
  • Good is the aim of all action.
  • Can be achieved either when they are being done or when they are accomplished.
  • Virtue is manifest in the doing, not a waited for outcome.

Conclusion

  • "... [W]e must be content to indicate the truth roughly and in outline; and as our subjects and premises are true generally and not universally, we must be content to arrive at conclusions that are generally true."
  • The mean is not mathematically precise. It is relative to the individual and the individual's behavior which is not exact.
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