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The Kounin Model
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Group Focus
The teacher must be able to keep students attentive. This can be achieved through accountability (skill testing, recognition) and alerting (asking questions or asking for demonstrations).
Ripple Effect
The "ripple effect" occurs when the teacher corrects a student and this, in turn, influences the behavior of the rest of the students.
References
Kounin, J. (1977). Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
Kellough, Richard. (2011). A Resource Guide for Teaching K-12. New York: Pearson
Allen, T.H. (1999). Developing a discipline plan for you. (http://www.humboldt.edu/~tha1/discip-options.html)
The Kounin Model
"With-it-ness"
All teachers should be "with-it," according to Kounin. This means that a teacher must be aware with what's going on in his or her classroom at all times. Some may know this as "Having eyes in the back of your head."
In order to achieve this, the teacher must get to know his or her students, make eye-contact with all of the students, and remind students of expectations and consequences.
Smoothness
Jacob S. Kounin
- Kounin was an American pedagogue, researcher, educational psychologist and classroom management theorist
- He is the author of Discipline and Group Management in Classrooms
- His model focuses on preventative discipline (attempting to stop bad behavior before it starts).
Overlapping
The Kounin Model: In Five Main Points
- "With-it-ness"
- Overlapping
- Momentum
- Smoothness
- Group Focus
- Ripple Effect
Smoothness refers to the ability to transition in the classroom. Teachers must effectively: Get the students attention, introduce whatever is planned next in a concise and coherent way, and ensure students are focused and aware of what is going on.
Overlapping is the ability to focus on multiple things at once. For example, a teacher can be helping a student with an assignment, while instructing the rest of the class to begin reading the next chapter.
Kounin says that teachers must be flexible and able to overlap their focus.
Momentum
Momentum is a means of avoiding satiation. Students begin to lose interest rather quickly.
Kounin suggests that teachers keep their lessons short and find other ways to continue teaching a subject such as group assignments or discussions. Teachers must use variety in the classroom.