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Event Five
July 7, 1937
Japan invades China, initiating World War II in the Pacific.
March 11–13, 1938
Germany incorporates Austria in the Anschluss.
March 14–15, 1939
Under German pressure, the Slovaks declare their independence and form a Slovak Republic.
The Germans occupy the rump Czech lands in violation of the Munich agreement, forming a Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
September 29, 1938
Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France sign the Munich agreement which forces the Czechoslovak Republic to cede the Sudetenland
, including the key Czechoslovak military defense positions, to Nazi Germany.
September 18, 1931
Japan invades Manchuria.
October 2, 1935–May 1936
Fascist Italy invades, conquers, and annexes Ethiopia.
October 25–November 1, 1936
Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy sign a treaty of cooperation on October 25; on November 1, the Rome-Berlin Axis is announced.
November 1940
Slovakia (November 23),
Hungary (November 20), and Romania (November 22) join the Axis.
November 25, 1936
Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, directed against the Soviet Union and the international Communist movement.
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland,
initiating World War II in Europe.
August 23, 1939
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign a nonaggression agreement and a secret codicil dividing eastern Europe into spheres of influence.
September 3, 1939
Honoring their guarantee of Poland’s borders, Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.
April 7–15, 1939
Fascist Italy invades and annexes Albania.
March 31, 1939
France and Great Britain guarantee the integrity of the borders of the Polish state.
October 1940
Italy invades Greece from
Albania on October 28.
September 27, 1940
Germany, Italy,
and Japan sign the Tripartite Pact.
April 9, 1940–June 9, 1940
Germany invades Denmark and Norway. Denmark surrenders on the day of the attack; Norway holds out until June 9.
September 17, 1939
The Soviet Union invades Poland from the east.
November 30, 1939–March 12, 1940
The Soviet Union invades Finland, initiating the so-called Winter War
. The Finns sue for an armistice and have to cede the northern shores of Lake Lagoda and the small Finnish coastline on the Arctic Sea to the Soviet Union.
September 27–29, 1939
Warsaw surrenders on September 27. The Polish government flees into exile via Romania. Germany and the Soviet Union divide Poland between them.
July 10, 1940–October 31, 1940
The air war known as the Battle of Britain
ends in defeat for Nazi Germany.
September 13, 1940
The Italians invade
British-controlled Egypt from
Italian-controlled Libya.
June 10, 1940
Italy enters the war.
Italy invades southern France on June 21.
June 28, 1940
The Soviet Union forces Romania to cede the eastern province
of Bessarabia and the northern half of Bukovina to the Soviet Ukraine.
June 14, 1940–August 6, 1940
The Soviet Union occupies the
Baltic States on June 14–18, engineering Communist coup d’états in each of them on July 14–15, and then annexing them as Soviet Republics on August 3–6.