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Sources

does not exist naturally in nature

  • proton accelerators and nuclear reactors
  • uranium ores
  • facilities using element for medical uses
  • atmospheric nuclear testing

Discovery

  • Discovered in 1950 at University of California, Berkeley
  • Founded by Stanley G. Thompson, Glenn T. Seaborg, Kenneth Street, Jr. and Albert Ghiorso

used a 60 inch diameter cyclotron

How was it discovered?

Uses of Californium

  • target material
  • cancer treatments

neutron emitter

(Atomic Number)

portable metal detector

moisture gauges

(Element Name)

(Atomic Mass)

Characteristics

  • radioactive metallic

chemical element

  • ninth member of the actinide series
  • transuranium element (sixth to be synthesized)

Californium

Chemical Properties

Citations:

Physical Properties

  • typically appears silvery white
  • phase: solid

By Grace Randall

  • reacts with hydrogen, nitrogen, or chalcogen
  • water soluble as the californium(III) cation
  • tarnishes in air at room temperature
  • forms various compounds

"Californium." Chemicool Periodic Table. Chemicool.com. 16 Oct. 2012. Web.

12/15/2014 <http://www.chemicool.com/elements/californium.html>.

"The Element Californium." It's Elemental -. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.

<http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele098.html>.

"Californium." - Knowledge Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.

<http://www.chemistryexplained.com/knowledge/Californium.html>.

"Californium." - Element Information, Properties and Uses. N.p., n.d. Web.

14 Dec. 2014. <http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/98/californium>.

"Californium." - Elements Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014. <http:/

www.elementsdatabase.com/Californium-Cf-98-element/>.

"Actinide." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2014.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinide>.

Isotopes

  • melting point- 900 ± 30 °C
  • estimated boiling point- 1745 °C
  • density- 15.1 g/cm^3
  • malleable
  • magnetic
  • 20 radioisotopes have been characterized
  • most stable- Cf-251, Cf-249, Cf-250, Cf-252

Californium-249

Californium-251

Californium-252

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