Ming and Qing Dynasties

Economy

• Chinese traded porcelain, silk, alcohol, tea, and tobacco

Questions Unanswered

• chose to be isolated
• voyages too expensive, wasting money
• Trade went against Confucius morals
• European merchants wanted Chinese goods
• caused an effect in economy, causing silk/ceramic industries grew
• Taxes on agriculture were low, manufacturing and trade taxes went up .
• foreign traders had to follow Chinese policy

• How the military in China was.
• What are the religious rituals and traditions that were practiced.
• The types of plays that were performed.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

Hongwu

• Grew up as a peasant
• Became a commander in a revolt against Mongols
• Established the Ming dynasty
• Brought back the civil service examination system
• soon became a tyrant due to the assumption someone is going to attack/kill him

Political

• Vassal states had to pay tributes to the emperor
• Only government was allowed to do foreign trade
• Ming dynasty weakening (1600)
• ineffective rulers and officials
• government ran out of money and raised taxes immensely
• fast growing of population

• A government based on Confucianism
• Emperors ruled the Chinese empire with help of scholars
• Civil service examination system
• a system that consists three levels of exams
• Xiucai, Ju Ren, and Jinshi were the academic classes
• Scholars with the highest degree in education are given government positions
• Gentry class
• Degree holders and big time land owners
• Backbone of government
• Helped collect taxes, raise funds, etc.
• Some abused power and were cruel to the locals

Social

Emperor

Scholars

Merchants money lenders artisans

• Lower class did not marry and rarely had children; Higher classes married and had many children
• Higher class could not marry anyone in lower class

• Chinese devoted to agriculture
• Hongwu (Ming dynasty emperor) wanted agriculture as empire's wealth due to the rich mistreating the poor
• Merchants were considered parasites due to going against Confucius beliefs
• Social mobility
• people commonly went down social classes rather than up.
• During Qing dynasty, men shaved hair from front with long ponytail on back
• A sign of loyalty to emperor
• men who refused were killed (tens of thousands)

Family/Women

prostitutes

musicians

actors

Sources

• Families grew once food production increased
• sons favored more than daughters
• sons raised own family at home
• Daughters were not wanted
• Women were inferior
• Foot binding
• procedure that was thought to be beautiful
• Left 1/2 to 2/3 of the female population unable to walk

Religion

Geography

• Indian Ocean
• used for seven voyages to spread tributes to other lands
• The Yellow and Yangtze river
• Used for irrigation and transportation
• Flooding of Yellow River
• Near the end of Qing dynasty
• Killed 1-2 million people.

• Located in Modern day China
• Ming Dynasty - Korea and parts of Southeast Asia
• Qing dynasty - Taiwan, Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet
• Diverse landscapes
• deserts, mountains, river basins
• Climate varied
• Northern areas being colder with a lot of snow, Southern and Western areas warmer with more rainfall
• Rainfall came from the monsoon season

• believed in the philosophical idea of Confucianism
• complex moral, social, political, and religious thought
• Valued family and harmony
• A strong passion for education
• basically was a ritual in families revolving solely on education
• Only sons were able to perform the vital religious rituals in the household
• Chinese scholars disapproved Christianity
• Jesuits came to China and practiced Christianity with Confucius beliefs
• Some started going against the Chinese's beliefs which was not wanted

Technological

• Built arched bridges and curved roofs for buildings
• was introduced to the wind up clock by Jesuits along with the geometric shape, the prism
• Technological advancements lagged for the first time

• http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/ming-dynasty-map.cfm
• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-g8cM95BD4Ac/TVS13zDILeI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/MV7mIfTvOcg/s1600/64938-004-8575C4AF.gif http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/special/china_1950_population.htm http://
• www.kidport.com/reflib/worldgeography/China/China.htm http://www.yourchildlearns.com/china_history_geography.htm
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/111803/China/71762/Qing-society
• http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=true&prodId=WHIC&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3035200083&mode=view&userGroupName=seat24826&jsid=48e11ee4f0d002886f68b8ed056f7549
• http://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/manchu-qing-dynasty/ http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c04s04.html
• http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_3_February_2012/2.pdf http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/qing_1/hd_qing_1.htm http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719243/Chinese-painting/283420/Ming-dynasty-1368-1644
• http://www.xip.fi/atd/china/the-ming-dynasty-1368-1644.html
• http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/features/chinaoverview/LiteratureandArt.html
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383846/Ming-dynasty
• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/112846/Qing-dynasty
• http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/asia/8/FC58
• http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/china-history/the-ming-dynasty.htm http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/china-history/the-qing-dynasty.htm
• http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/ming.htm
• http://www.ladybud.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/FootBinding.jpg?6a275a
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• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719243/Chinese-painting/283420/Ming-dynasty-1368-1644
• http://www.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/html/en/24Arts1072.html

Intellectual

• Greatest masterpiece was "Dream of the Red Chamber"
• Dramatic plays entertained and unified society

• Art flourished in China with new techniques and styles
• Shen Zhou
• devoted his life to painting and poetry
• Started flower paint, later became part of Chinese tradition
• Wu school that was for landscape painting
• Woodblock printing
• was an imitation of painting
• Publication of morality books
• virtuous behavior granted rewards