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Key Concepts of APHG: Chapter 4
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Placelessness
Diffusion
The spatial spreading of a culture element or some other phenomenon
Placelessness is the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape to the point that one place looks like the next
Contagious Diffusion
Hierarchical Diffusion
Expansion Diffusion
An idea spreads to the most connected places first
the spreading of an idea by contact from person to person
The number of people influenced by an idea continues to grow and grow, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination
Material vs. Non-Material Culture
Relocation Diffusion
Stimulus Diffusion
A cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place
The idea or innovation is transmitted by their creators as they migrate and relocate, hence the name
Material Culture
Non-Material Culture
Includes beliefs, practices, aesthetics, and values of a group of people
Includes things a group of people construct, such as art, houses, clothing, sports, dance, and foods.
Distance Decay
Popular Culture
With distance-decay, the likelihood of diffusion decreases as time and distance from the hearth increases
Pop culture is large, incorporates heterogeneous populations, is typically urban, and experiences quickly changing cultural traits. Pop culture encompasses music, dance, clothing, food preferences, religious practices, and aesthetic values. The main paths of diffusion of pop culture are transportation networks, marketing networks, and communication networks
Folk Culture (Local Culture)
Folk Culture, A.K.A. local culture, on the other hand, is small, incorporates a homogeneous population, is typically rural, and is cohesive in cultural traits. Local cultures are constantly redefining or refining themselves based on interactions with other cultures and diffusion of cultural practices. They affect places by establishing neighborhoods, building churches, or community centers to celebrate important days, and expressing their material and non-material cultures.
Cultural Landscape
Reflect the values, norms, and aesthetics of a culture.
Time-Space Compression
Explains how quickly innovations diffuse and refers to how interlinked two places are through transportation and communication technologies