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Plankton
Bees
- increased global cooling
- continued forming of mountains - Himalayas
- Antarctica forms ice caps
- still much hotter than today
- Mediterranean dries up
- grass-eating animals / more herbivores
-South America becomes attached
Lady Bugs
The split between chimpanzees and hominids is estimated to be around 6 million years ago, during the Miocene epoch.
15 million year old gastropod fossil
Bear Dogs
Tarsiers
Miocene crab
Mosquitoes
- Expansion of grasslands
- Reduced tropical species worldwide
- Increased forests & tundra covering the north
- Deserts and savannahs in Asia/Africa
- 95% of modern seed plant families existed.
- Expanded open vegetation systems (deserts, tundra, & grasslands) at the expense of diminishing closed vegetation (forests).
- A mid-Miocene warming, followed by a cooling is responsible for the draw back of tropical ecosystems, the expansion of coniferous forests, and increased seasonality.
Flower
Pliocene plant/animal life
Carya leaf fossil
Castanea kubinyi leaf fossil
Miocene plant/animal life
Mammals
Mastodons
Insects + Sea Life
Weevils
Australopithecus'
Corals
Giant Camel
Sea Cows (aka Sirenians)
Beetles
- increase in grasslands
- forming of mountain ranges
- much warmer climate than preceding and succeeding epochs
- an increase in aridity, led to decrease in rainforests
- Antarctica detached
- first migrations through the Bering land connection.
BBC News. BBC. Web. 02 Mar. 2015. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/history_of_the_earth>.
PBS. PBS. Web. 05 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/miocene.html>.
"CO2 and Climate Closely Linked during the Middle Miocene (11 to 17 Million Years Ago)." Descent into the Icehouse Miocene Climatic Optimum Tag. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://descentintotheicehouse.org.uk/tag/miocene-climatic-optimum/>.
"Exploring Life's Origins: A Timeline of Life's Evolution." Exploring Life's Origins: A Timeline of Life's Evolution. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. <http://exploringorigins.org/timeline.html>.
Krock, Lexi. "A Brief History of Life." PBS. PBS, 01 Feb. 2002. Web. 03 Mar. 2015. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/evolution/brief-history-life.html>.
Lewis, Tanya. "Giant Camels Roamed the Arctic 3.5 Million Years Ago." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 05 Mar. 2013. Web. 05 Mar. 2015. <http://www.livescience.com/27639-camel-fossil-found-in-arctic.html>.
"Miocene." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miocene>.
"Miocene." Miocene. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154642/>.
"The Miocene Epoch." The Miocene Epoch. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/miocene.php>.
"Miocene Epoch | Geochronology." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 05 Mar. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/384700/Miocene-Epoch>.
"Pliocene." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Web. 04 Mar. 2015. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliocene>.
"Pliocene Epoch | Geochronology." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 05 Mar. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/464853/Pliocene-Epoch>.