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Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;
I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them;
The good is oft interred with their bones;
So let it be with Caesar.
The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious:
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it.
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honorable man.
He hath brought many captives home to Rome
Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill:
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:
Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honorable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;
And, sure, he is an honorable man.
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause:
What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him?
O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts,
And men have lost their reason. Bear with me;
My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,
And I must pause till it come back to me.
• At the beginning of act iii Caesar has just been assassinated
• Caesar was assassinated in order to put a stop to his (perceived) tyranny over the Republic of Rome.
• Caesar's death has been literally and figuratively earth-shaking. The populace of Rome has gathered outside the Senate -- at the figurative heart of Rome, and thereby of the world -- demanding explanations.
• The men who conspired to assassinate Caesar know that Mark Antony is a risk
• But after Antony shakes hands with each of them, they decide to let him speak. Cassius, one of the chief conspirators, has commanded Antony not to speak against their action; Brutus, the other, has primed the crowd with his own speech. Antony, then, has to condemn those who killed Caesar without seeming to do so.
Personification
Verbal irony
Tautology
Metaphor,
Rhetorical questions
juxtaposes
Aposiopesis
Repetition
Anecdotes
the plebeians
• Intended purpose:
Eulogy for Caesar’s funeral
• Real purpose:
1. disprove what Brutus says about Caesar's being ambitious
2. Turn the people against the conspirators and cause civil unrest.
• born in Rome on July 12 or 13, 100 BC
• raise in political power
• military service
• was elected consul in 60 BC.
• In 59 BC he also became governor of Gaul and Spain.
• In 55 BC he attempted an invasion of Britain.
• Three years later, in 52 BC, he defeated a union of Gauls.
• He was made dictator for life in 45 BC
• his apparent arrogance and ambition brought him great unpopularity and the suspicion of his peers