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Tudor Rebellions under Henry VII

Yorkshire - 1489

Cornish Rebellion - 1497

It can be concluded that after 15 years, Henry VII could still only command limited loyalty.

The rebels only got to London because Henry had been destracted with the threat from Warbeck.

Some have suggested that this was a more serious rising against local government officials.

Henry failed to raise any of the tax, but the North was tranquile due to the new Earl of Northumberland being a minor. The Earl of Surrey was also appointed leuitenant of the area.

The fact that the rebellion did not get more support could be down to the fact that people were disillusioned with unrest rather than because of support for Henry.

Henry planned to Help Brittany in its struggle against France so needed to raise money.

Henry gathered 25,000 troops by June when the rebels where at Blackheath. 1000 rebels were killed and the rest fled in panic.

Henry himself did not view the rebellion as a serious threat and only two local leaders and Audley were executed.

Sir John Egremont was an illegitimate member of the Percy family and a Yorkist sympathiser. He led the rebellion but was defeated by a royal force outside of York, forcing him to flee.

The people had suffered bad harvests and were not used to heavy taxation.

The French threat was of little concern to them and they were usually exempt due to paying for defence against Scotland.

The Earl of Northumberland was killed trying to collect the tax, supposedly by Sir John Egremont, who led the rebellion

Rebels left Bodmin in May 1497. They gained no support in Devon but did get wide spread support elsewhere and from a cross section of society.

They only got one noble, Lord Audley, who was poor.

Had 15,000 when they reached Guildford but numbers decreased due to fear of failure and being so far from home. The rest marched to Blackheath.

The rebels blamed evil councilors rather than the King. They blamed Morton and Bray for the excessive financial demands.

This is echoed throughout the 16th centure and was designed to make the rebels seem loyal to the king but still get their issues adressed.

Very similar to the Yorkshire rebellion. The King needed money to fight off the threat from Warbeck, but the cornish felt it had nothing to do with them showing the local thinking of the time

Perkin Warbeck - 1991-99

Lambert Simnel - 1486/7

The Battle of Bosworth - 1485

Went to Ireland claiming to be Richard Duke of York, but he did not get support apart from in Cork, where people believed him to be the Earl of Warwick.

Warbeck recieved an enthusiastic reception in Scotland and was married to the King's cousin. In september 1495, Warbeck and 1500 troops crossed into England, but turned back after a few days as they had not recieved any support. Warbeck loast his support in Scotland due to the proposed marriage between James and Henry's daughter.

An imposter was able to gather support from England, Ireland and abroad,showing how insecure the monarch was. The fate of the dynasty was decided by a battle. However, the rebellion failed to get the support it needed and could only occur due to the large Irish support. Parliament seized the lands of Nobles who fought at Stoke and attainted them.

Henry became more desperate when the Holy Roman Emperor recognised Warbeck as Richard IV. However the Holy Roman Emperor lacked the resources to support Warbeck.

Henry VII defeats Richard III near Market Bosworth on 22nd August 1485

Warbeck was welcomed at the French court alongside 100 other Yorkist dissidents. The 1492 Treaty of Etaples ended his support in France.

Warbeck once again tried to take Ireland, but discovered that it was too loyal. He tried to take the South West of England, but was driven from both Exeter and Taunton.

He sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Abbey but gave up in August 1497 as it would be difficult to accuse a foreigner of treason. He ran away from court in 1498 and was put in the Tower of London. He was executed in 1499 after being accused of trying to escape.

Henry landed in Wales

where he recieved the support of the influential Rhys Ap Thomas due to his ancestoral links there and the promise reward

The battle happened at Stoke, near Newark. the rebels had 8,000 men compared to Henry's 12,000. Two of Henry's wings held back till certain of victory and his order for the Earl of Lincoln to be taken alive was ignored.

Warbeck then went to Flanders where he could count on the support of Margaret. Henry responded by breaking off trade, despite the damaging effect this had on the cloth trade.

Henry VII received

foreign support from the King of France, who sent 500 loyal exiles and 1500 second rate french troops

The battle lasted for 3 hours.

On 4th June 1487 the rebels landed in Lancashire and marched south. They failed to get the support they needed, maybe due to the large Irish contingent or the people being fed up with war.

Henry VII used the better situation to pass a series of attainders, but worryingly the list included Stanley, who had supported him at Bosworth.

Henry's spies also helped make Warbecks attempted landing at Deal in July 1495 a fiasco. Warbeck tried then to take Waterford but failed.

Henry paraded the real Earl of Warwick in London to show Simnel was an imposter. This didn't help, as the Earl of Lincoln fled to join the rebels.

Simnel recieved 2000 merciaries from Margaret of Burgundy and Henry was not aware of the rebellion until 1487.

The rebellion has strong links to

the Yorkist cause, including starting in Oxford, a Yorkist stronghold before moving to Ireland, where Simnel was proclaimed Edward VI.

This was partly due to Henry's failure to confirm the Earl of Kildare as Lord Deputy of Ireland, alienating crucial elements in Irish society.

Lambert Simnel

The initial plan was to pass Simnel off as one of the murdered sons of Edward IV. This was changed upon hearing rumours of the Earl of Warwick's death.

Outcome

Henry VII's 3000 men defeated Richard's 5000 men after the Stanleys joined Henry's side. Richard III was killed in battle.

Consolidation

Henry dated his reign from

before Bosworth, so opposition were traitors and their property seized. His corination was before parliament met and his marriage after his corination, to prove his legitimacy.

The Lovell Rebellion - 1486

The Earl of Suffolk rebellion - 1499/1506

They planned to detain Henry when he was visiting his northern capital of York. They would also then launch a rebellion in the West.

Lovell and the Stafford

brothers were some of Richard III's old supporters who had been claiming sanctuary

The Earl of suffolk's brother, the Earl of Lincoln had been killed at the battle of Stoke and he was annoyed that he had not been made Duke of Suffolk.

He fled to France in 1499 but was persuaded to return.

In 1506 a storm forced Philip of Burgundy to land in England and Henry was able to persuade him to hand over the Earl on the promise that he would not kill the Earl. He was imprisoned in the tower.

Henry VII heard of the plan and sent an armed force to offer the choice of pardon or death. The rebels dispersed.

Lovell fled to flanders, whilst one of the Stafford brothers was killed and the other pardoned and forced to remain loyal.

Outcome

He fled to the court of the Holy Roman Emperor in 1501 which became a focus for other Yorkists

Henry VII would however be unsure of how much support Yorkists would have had. It is much easier for modern day historians to conclude that a Yorkist rebellion needed a Yorkist Prince as its leader, but as there were none, meaning they had to turn to pretenders.

The execution sent out a clear warning that disobedience would not be tolerated, but also that the king was prepared to show clemency. His tour of the North also won him much support.

This came at a bad time for Henry, as his third son died in 1500, Arthur (heir to the throne) died in 1502 and his wife died in 1503.

Henry began to search for a new wiliminate potential threats. He imprisoned members of the Suffolk family and passed 51 attainders in 1504

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